[MAIPC] FW: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.

Wed Jun 3 08:10:53 PDT 2015

Good to hear from garlic mustard battles in other regions.

Jake,

I'm seeing those broken off roots having no trouble at all creating a full 2ft tall crop of seeds the following year. Time for a new study?

Here's an email I wrote to Betsy Lyman about my certainty of the 3rd year GM:

Betsy,

This year I have seen a shocking number of these plants with stems broken off at ground level and a new stem sprouting up from lower down the root.  Possibly because I'm paying more attention each year to our garlic mustard populations.

I'm finding these types of regrowth in areas deep into our parks, where the public and other staff haven't been seen. The last people I've seen near these plants were our 2014 weed warriors, pulling and bagging adults.

We had so much garlic mustard in 2014 that I personally remember hundreds of roots breaking off with no time to dig those suckers up. I was not concerned because I went along with the premise that the plants, roots and all, never survive into a third year. Now that I've watched these populations over the course of many years, I'd say strictly defining this plant as a "biannual" is a fallacy.

Die they didn't. The wounds on these roots are of such a unique shape and completely dried up, with some even show signs of healing - that it's clear to me these wounds were from our GM pulls of last year's adults.

Now I recommend anyone working with Alliaria petiolata to make sure they don't forget their hand weeder!

Michael Ellis
Non-Native Invasive Plant Specialist
Natural and Historical Resources Division, Park Ranger Office
The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission
www.pgparks.com<http://www.pgparks.com>

240-429-5042<tel:240-429-5042>

_____________________________
From: Lyman, Betsy < betsy_lyman at nps.gov<mailto:betsy_lyman at nps.gov>>
Sent: Wednesday, June 3, 2015 9:40 AM
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.
To: Ellis, Michael < michael.ellis at pgparks.com<mailto:michael.ellis at pgparks.com>>

Hi Michael,

That's a scary thought--3-4 year old GM plants--ugh!

I do have a question:  How can you be sure that the plant was left over from last year and not a current year plant that had been clipped by something/someone and just came back from that same year stem?  You may be monitoring these plants closely enough that you can confidently say for sure they are 3rd (or 4th or ?) year plants.  But it's one of those questions I had to ask!  I really hate the idea of GM surviving beyond the 2nd year, but I certainly can't  say they wouldn't--they're mean enough!

Thanks for sending this note and picture along.  I've never seen this sort of growth yet except in mowed areas where the plant are clearly coming back from the mowing.

Betsy

Betsy Lyman
Liaison, Northeast EPMT
Delaware Water Gap NRA,  Bushkill, PA  18324
ofc:  570-588-0513<tel:570-588-0513>; cell: 267-549-6383<tel:267-549-6383>
fax:  570-588-0590<tel:570-588-0590>
betsy_lyman at nps.gov<mailto:betsy_lyman at nps.gov>

_____________________________
From: Hughes, Jake <jake_hughes at nps.gov<mailto:jake_hughes at nps.gov>>
Sent: Tuesday, June 2, 2015 5:37 PM
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] FW: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.
To: Coon, Cheryl R -FS <ccoon at fs.fed.us<mailto:ccoon at fs.fed.us>>
Cc: <maipc at lists.maipc.org<mailto:maipc at lists.maipc.org>>

I agree with you guys:  I have pulled thousands of garlic mustard plants--including a few today--attached to massive stumps that have to be older than two years.  Interestingly, though, there are a number of articles out there that suggest that leaving the root in the ground will rarely result in resprouts, and almost never in seed production.  Chapman et al (2012) in the Natural Areas Journal (v.32 no.3) is a recent example.  If anyone out there knows of a study that shows cut GM behaving like the short-lived perennial we all know it is, I'd love to know about it.

Thanks.

On Mon, Jun 1, 2015 at 12:15 PM, Coon, Cheryl R -FS <ccoon at fs.fed.us<mailto:ccoon at fs.fed.us>> wrote:
FYI, both Jill Vance and Vicki Meretsky testifie to large third year (and beyond) adults here in IN.  See their messages below

[Forest Service Shield]

Cheryl Coon
Forest Botanist

Forest Service
Hoosier National Forest, Brownstown Ranger District

p: 812-276-4773<tel:812-276-4773>
f: 812-279-3423<tel:812-279-3423>
ccoon at fs.fed.us<mailto:ccoon at fs.fed.us>

811 Constitution Ave.<x-apple-data-detectors://17/0>
Bedford, IN 47421<x-apple-data-detectors://17/0>
www.fs.fed.us<http://www.fs.fed.us/>
[USDA Logo]<http://usda.gov/>[Forest Service Twitter]<https://twitter.com/forestservice>[USDA Facebook]<https://www.facebook.com/pages/US-Forest-Service/1431984283714112>

Caring for the land and serving people

From: Vance, Jill [mailto:jvance at dnr.IN.gov<mailto:jvance at dnr.IN.gov>]
Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2015 10:47 AM
To: meretsky at indiana.edu<mailto:meretsky at indiana.edu>; Coon, Cheryl R -FS
Subject: Re: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.

I can confirm that individual plants can definitely make it to at least their 3rd year - and it wouldn't surprise me to hear about them going beyond that.

Jill Vance, C.I.G. Interpretive Naturalist for Monroe Lake

jvance at dnr.IN.gov<mailto:jvance at dnr.IN.gov>; 812-837-9967<tel:812-837-9967> (Paynetown Activity Center)

Official Monroe Lake Website: http://www.stateparks.in.gov/2954.htm

Like us on Facebook! http://www.facebook.com/monroelake

Receive our monthly Program Schedule by e-mail:

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Memories made naturally... at Indiana State Parks

________________________________
From: Meretsky, Vicky J. <meretsky at indiana.edu<mailto:meretsky at indiana.edu>>
Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2015 6:36 PM
To: Coon, Cheryl R -FS; Vance, Jill
Subject: RE: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.

I have seen this same behavior in mullein. Zion National Park had a control program, and one year, in some areas, instead of digging out the roots, they simply wacked off the flowering stalks. The next year, the plants came back like Godzilla. It was nothing short of frightening.
I don’t know if individual plants can hang on for more years, but I wouldn’t be surprised if at least some didn’t make it to at least 4, if thwarted in their reproductive attempts again.
I suspect a fair number of biennials have this kind of a fail-safe mechanism. Natural selection really does favor successful reproduction rather strongly :-)

From: Coon, Cheryl R -FS [mailto:ccoon at fs.fed.us]
Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2015 4:24 PM
To: Meretsky, Vicky J.; Jill Vance (jvance at dnr.in.gov<mailto:jvance at dnr.in.gov>)
Subject: FW: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.

Thought you two might know something about this.  Part of discussion with Mid_Atlantic Invasive Plant Group (includes Ohio and east).

[Forest Service Shield]

Cheryl Coon
Forest Botanist

Forest Service
Hoosier National Forest, Brownstown Ranger District

p: 812-276-4773<tel:812-276-4773>
f: 812-279-3423<tel:812-279-3423>
ccoon at fs.fed.us<mailto:ccoon at fs.fed.us>

811 Constitution Ave.<x-apple-data-detectors://36/0>
Bedford, IN 47421<x-apple-data-detectors://36/0>
www.fs.fed.us<http://www.fs.fed.us/>
[USDA Logo]<http://usda.gov/>[Forest Service Twitter]<https://twitter.com/forestservice>[USDA Facebook]<https://www.facebook.com/pages/US-Forest-Service/1431984283714112>

Caring for the land and serving people

From: MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces at lists.maipc.org] On Behalf Of Ellis, Michael
Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2015 2:13 PM
To: MA-IPC MA-IPC
Subject: [MAIPC] The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.

As we begin to wrap up our Garlic Mustard season, I've become fascinated by the resiliency of the species.

I'm seeing tremendous numbers of garlic mustard adults surviving into a third year if their stems were broken off in the year prior. Their wounds simply heal, their roots become massive and they sprout new stems and seeds.

Here is a photo I took today in Beltsville of a specimen that survived our great Garlic Mustard pull of 2014, healed, and re-emerged:

Would this not imply that these plants can come up again, possibly a fourth of fifth year if seeding was unsuccessful?

This has me wondering if plants could bounce back after damage from say, an introduced biological control.

Any thoughts?

Michael Ellis
Non-Native Invasive Plant Specialist
Natural and Historical Resources Division, Park Ranger Office
The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission
www.pgparks.com<http://www.pgparks.com>

240-429-5042<tel:240-429-5042>

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--
Jake Hughes
Lead Biological Science Technician
Shenandoah National Park
3655 US Hwy 211 E<x-apple-data-detectors://45/1>
Luray, VA 22835<x-apple-data-detectors://45/1>
Jake_Hughes at nps.gov<mailto:Jake_Hughes at nps.gov>
Office: 540-999-3500 ext 3492<tel:540-999-3500;3492>
Fax: 540-999-3697<tel:540-999-3697>

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