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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I pulled some garlic mustard 6 ft. tall at Tucquan Glen June 1. Here is a photo of one 4.5 ft tall with leaves up to 5 inches across! I have never seen such large leaves. These huge plants are along a creek bed in an area with very lush vegetation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><img width=101 height=144 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image005.jpg@01D09DFB.3FE63CF0"></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Ellis, Michael<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, June 03, 2015 11:11 AM<br><b>To:</b> Coon, Cheryl R -FS; Hughes, Jake<br><b>Cc:</b> maipc@lists.maipc.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] FW: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Good to hear from garlic mustard battles in other regions.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Jake,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I'm seeing those broken off roots having no trouble at all creating a full 2ft tall crop of seeds the following year. Time for a new study?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Here's an email I wrote to Betsy <span style='font-size:13.0pt'>Lyman about my certainty of the 3rd year GM:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.0pt'><br><br></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.0pt'>Betsy,</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.0pt'><br><br></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>This year I have seen a shocking number of these plants with stems broken off at ground level and a new stem sprouting up from lower down the root. Possibly because I'm paying more attention each year to our garlic mustard populations.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I'm finding these types of regrowth in areas deep into our parks, where the public and other staff haven't been seen. The last people I've seen near these plants were our 2014 weed warriors, pulling and bagging adults.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>We had so much garlic mustard in 2014 that I personally remember hundreds of roots breaking off with no time to dig those suckers up. I was not concerned because I went along with the premise that the plants, roots and all, never survive into a third year. Now that I've watched these populations over the course of many years, I'd say strictly defining this plant as a "biannual" is a fallacy.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Die they didn't. The wounds on these roots are of such a unique shape and completely dried up, with some even show signs of healing - that it's clear to me these wounds were from our GM pulls of last year's adults.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Now I recommend anyone working with Alliaria petiolata to make sure they don't forget their hand weeder!<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Michael Ellis <br>Non-Native Invasive Plant Specialist <br>Natural and Historical Resources Division, Park Ranger Office <br>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission <br><a href="http://www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a> <br><br><a href="tel:240-429-5042">240-429-5042</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>_____________________________ <br>From: Lyman, Betsy < <a href="mailto:betsy_lyman@nps.gov">betsy_lyman@nps.gov</a>> <br>Sent: Wednesday, June 3, 2015 9:40 AM <br>Subject: Re: [MAIPC] The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond. <br>To: Ellis, Michael < <a href="mailto:michael.ellis@pgparks.com">michael.ellis@pgparks.com</a>> <br><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi Michael, <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>That's a scary thought--3-4 year old GM plants--ugh! <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I do have a question: How can you be sure that the plant was left over from last year and not a current year plant that had been clipped by something/someone and just came back from that same year stem? You may be monitoring these plants closely enough that you can confidently say for sure they are 3rd (or 4th or ?) year plants. But it's one of those questions I had to ask! I really hate the idea of GM surviving beyond the 2nd year, but I certainly can't say they wouldn't--they're mean enough! <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks for sending this note and picture along. I've never seen this sort of growth yet except in mowed areas where the plant are clearly coming back from the mowing. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Betsy <br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>Betsy Lyman <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Liaison, Northeast EPMT <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Delaware Water Gap NRA, Bushkill, PA 18324<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b>ofc: </b> <a href="tel:570-588-0513">570-588-0513</a>; <b>cell</b>: <a href="tel:267-549-6383">267-549-6383</a> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b>fax: </b> <a href="tel:570-588-0590">570-588-0590</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'><a href="mailto:betsy_lyman@nps.gov">betsy_lyman@nps.gov</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>_____________________________<br>From: Hughes, Jake <<a href="mailto:jake_hughes@nps.gov">jake_hughes@nps.gov</a>><br>Sent: Tuesday, June 2, 2015 5:37 PM<br>Subject: Re: [MAIPC] FW: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.<br>To: Coon, Cheryl R -FS <<a href="mailto:ccoon@fs.fed.us">ccoon@fs.fed.us</a>><br>Cc: <<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>><br><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>I agree with you guys: I have pulled thousands of garlic mustard plants--including a few today--attached to massive stumps that have to be older than two years. Interestingly, though, there are a number of articles out there that suggest that leaving the root in the ground will rarely result in resprouts, and almost never in seed production. Chapman et al (2012) in the Natural Areas Journal (v.32 no.3) is a recent example. If anyone out there knows of a study that shows cut GM behaving like the short-lived perennial we all know it is, I'd love to know about it. <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks. <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Mon, Jun 1, 2015 at 12:15 PM, Coon, Cheryl R -FS <<a href="mailto:ccoon@fs.fed.us">ccoon@fs.fed.us</a>> wrote: <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>FYI, both Jill Vance and Vicki Meretsky testifie to large third year (and beyond) adults here in IN. See their messages below</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=69 height=65 id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.png@01D09DFA.89323C20" alt="Forest Service Shield"></span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%'><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Cheryl Coon <br>Forest Botanist</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Forest Service </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#28742E'>Hoosier National Forest, Brownstown Ranger District</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>p: <a href="tel:812-276-4773">812-276-4773</a> <br>f: <a href="tel:812-279-3423">812-279-3423</a> <br><a href="mailto:ccoon@fs.fed.us">ccoon@fs.fed.us</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><a href="x-apple-data-detectors://17/0">811 Constitution Ave.</a><br><a href="x-apple-data-detectors://17/0">Bedford, IN 47421</a><br><a href="http://www.fs.fed.us/">www.fs.fed.us</a> <br></span><a href="http://usda.gov/"><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=20 height=14 id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image002.png@01D09DFA.89323C20" alt="USDA Logo"></span></a><a href="https://twitter.com/forestservice"><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=19 height=16 id="_x0000_i1027" src="cid:image003.png@01D09DFA.89323C20" alt="Forest Service Twitter"></span></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/US-Forest-Service/1431984283714112"><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=16 height=16 id="_x0000_i1028" src="cid:image004.png@01D09DFA.89323C20" alt="USDA Facebook"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#28742E'>Caring for the land and serving people</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Vance, Jill [mailto:<a href="mailto:jvance@dnr.IN.gov">jvance@dnr.IN.gov</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, May 31, 2015 10:47 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:meretsky@indiana.edu">meretsky@indiana.edu</a>; Coon, Cheryl R -FS<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>I can confirm that individual plants can definitely make it to at least their 3rd year - and it wouldn't surprise me to hear about them going beyond that.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><div><div><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Jill Vance, C.I.G. Interpretive Naturalist for Monroe Lake</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><a href="mailto:jvance@dnr.IN.gov">jvance@dnr.IN.gov</a>; <a href="tel:812-837-9967">812-837-9967</a> (Paynetown Activity Center)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Official Monroe Lake Website: <a href="http://www.stateparks.in.gov/2954.htm">http://www.stateparks.in.gov/2954.htm</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Like us on Facebook! </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'><a href="http://www.facebook.com/monroelake"><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>http://www.facebook.com/monroelake</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Receive our monthly Program Schedule by e-mail:</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'><a href="http://bitly.com/monroeprograms"><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>http://bitly.com/monroeprograms</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Follow us on Twitter <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>@MonroeLake</span></em></span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p><em><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Memories made naturally... at Indiana State Parks</span></em><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#212121'><hr size=2 width="98%" align=center></span></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> Meretsky, Vicky J. <<a href="mailto:meretsky@indiana.edu">meretsky@indiana.edu</a>><br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 28, 2015 6:36 PM<br><b>To:</b> Coon, Cheryl R -FS; Vance, Jill<br><b>Subject:</b> RE: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I have seen this same behavior in mullein. Zion National Park had a control program, and one year, in some areas, instead of digging out the roots, they simply wacked off the flowering stalks. The next year, the plants came back like Godzilla. It was nothing short of frightening. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I don’t know if individual plants can hang on for more years, but I wouldn’t be surprised if at least some didn’t make it to at least 4, if thwarted in their reproductive attempts again. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I suspect a fair number of biennials have this kind of a fail-safe mechanism. Natural selection really does favor successful reproduction rather strongly :-)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#212121'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#212121'> Coon, Cheryl R -FS [<a href="mailto:ccoon@fs.fed.us">mailto:ccoon@fs.fed.us</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 28, 2015 4:24 PM<br><b>To:</b> Meretsky, Vicky J.; Jill Vance (<a href="mailto:jvance@dnr.in.gov">jvance@dnr.in.gov</a>)<br><b>Subject:</b> FW: The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thought you two might know something about this. Part of discussion with Mid_Atlantic Invasive Plant Group (includes Ohio and east).</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=69 height=65 id="_x0000_i1030" src="cid:image001.png@01D09DFA.89323C20" alt="Forest Service Shield"></span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%'><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Cheryl Coon <br>Forest Botanist</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Forest Service </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#28742E'>Hoosier National Forest, Brownstown Ranger District</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>p: <a href="tel:812-276-4773">812-276-4773</a> <br>f: <a href="tel:812-279-3423">812-279-3423</a> <br><a href="mailto:ccoon@fs.fed.us">ccoon@fs.fed.us</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><a href="x-apple-data-detectors://36/0">811 Constitution Ave.</a><br><a href="x-apple-data-detectors://36/0">Bedford, IN 47421</a><br><a href="http://www.fs.fed.us/">www.fs.fed.us</a> <br></span><a href="http://usda.gov/"><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=20 height=14 id="_x0000_i1031" src="cid:image002.png@01D09DFA.89323C20" alt="USDA Logo"></span></a><a href="https://twitter.com/forestservice"><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=19 height=16 id="_x0000_i1032" src="cid:image003.png@01D09DFA.89323C20" alt="Forest Service Twitter"></span></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/US-Forest-Service/1431984283714112"><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=16 height=16 id="_x0000_i1033" src="cid:image004.png@01D09DFA.89323C20" alt="USDA Facebook"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#28742E'>Caring for the land and serving people</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#212121'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#212121'> MAIPC [<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Ellis, Michael<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 28, 2015 2:13 PM<br><b>To:</b> MA-IPC MA-IPC<br><b>Subject:</b> [MAIPC] The Garlic Monster - Third Year Adults and Beyond.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'>As we begin to wrap up our Garlic Mustard season, I've become fascinated by the resiliency of the species.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'>I'm seeing tremendous numbers of garlic mustard adults surviving into a third year if their stems were broken off in the year prior. Their wounds simply heal, their roots become massive and they sprout new stems and seeds.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'>Here is a photo I took today in Beltsville of a specimen that survived our great Garlic Mustard pull of 2014, healed, and re-emerged:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'><br><br>Would this not imply that these plants can come up again, possibly a fourth of fifth year if seeding was unsuccessful?</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'>This has me wondering if plants could bounce back after damage from say, an introduced biological control.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'>Any thoughts?</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'>Michael Ellis<br>Non-Native Invasive Plant Specialist<br>Natural and Historical Resources Division, Park Ranger Office<br>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<br><a href="http://www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a> <br><br><a href="tel:240-429-5042">240-429-5042</a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#212121'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>_______________________________________________ <br>MAIPC mailing list <br><a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org">MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</a> <br><a href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org">http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</a> <o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>-- <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Jake Hughes <br>Lead Biological Science Technician <br>Shenandoah National Park <br><a href="x-apple-data-detectors://45/1">3655 US Hwy 211 E</a><br><a href="x-apple-data-detectors://45/1">Luray, VA 22835</a> <br><a href="mailto:Jake_Hughes@nps.gov">Jake_Hughes@nps.gov</a> <br>Office: <a href="tel:540-999-3500;3492">540-999-3500 ext 3492</a> <br>Fax: <a href="tel:540-999-3697">540-999-3697</a> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>