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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Hi All,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Spotted knapweed and its related species (particularly brown and meadow) are pretty well established in much of NY State (but not all of it). As others have
mentioned, it is very common on roadsides, power line right of ways, heavily disturbed areas like shale pits and old farm fields.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Through the USDA APHIS, State Parks gets annual releases of biocontrol agents for spotted knapweed. Most of the releases thus far are in Minnewaska State Park
Preserve, located in the Hudson Valley just south of the Catskills. At Minnewaska SPP the knapweed occurs densely in a shale pit and in a historically disturbed field. Both of those areas have experienced knapweed population decline after releases of two species
of two seed head eating weevils, <i>Larinus obtusus</i> and <i>Larinus minutus</i>. Minnewaska also hosts the only NY established population of the root boring weevil,
<i>Cyphocleonus achates</i>. The <i>Urophora</i> fly, while not formally released (at least recently), is present on most knapweed populations I’ve seen.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Prior to releasing biocontrols for knapweed it is very important to correctly identify exactly which species of knapweed you have. Many of them appear very
similar at first glance, but biocontrol agents often prefer one species over another, so a correct ID is the first step.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Alyssa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calisto MT","serif";color:#403152">Alyssa Reid<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#4F6228">Invasive Species Project Coordinator<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#4F6228">NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#4F6228">PO Box 893<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#4F6228">New Paltz, NY 12561<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#4F6228">845-256-0579<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#4F6228"><a href="mailto:Alyssa.Reid@parks.ny.gov"><span style="color:#4F6228">Alyssa.Reid@parks.ny.gov</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#403152"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#31849B">Follow the Nature Times blog for news about wildlife, projects, and events in our Parks!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#C00000"><a href="http://nysparksnaturetimes.com/"><span style="color:blue">http://nysparksnaturetimes.com/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino Linotype","serif";color:#4F6228"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Todd Hagenbuch<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, August 14, 2015 7:35 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bryan Dolney; Grund, Steve; Hough-Goldstein, J A; MA-IPC Listserve<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] spotted knapweed in the east<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Bryan:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I have seen spotted knapweed throughout parts of Pennsylvania for the past 15 years, not too uncommon in roadside areas. In meadow situations, Milestone herbicide
works great to control Spotted Knapweed. Milestone should be applied at 7 ozs per acre + Clean cut surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gallons per 100 gallons of water. We sell Milestone here at Arborchem in 1 qt containers and 2.5 gallon containers. Caution should
be used when spraying Milestone in root zones of black locust trees or where the spray could drift into canopy of locust trees.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Best Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Berlin Sans FB","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Todd Hagenbuch<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Berlin Sans FB","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Vegetation Management Specialist<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Berlin Sans FB","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Arborchem Products
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Berlin Sans FB","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">133 Portsmouth Circle<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Berlin Sans FB","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Glen Mills, PA 19342<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Berlin Sans FB","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">570-401-7098<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Berlin Sans FB","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:thagenbuch@arborchem.com">thagenbuch@arborchem.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Berlin Sans FB","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><a href="http://www.arborchem.com/">www.arborchem.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> MAIPC [<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Bryan Dolney<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, August 13, 2015 2:31 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Grund, Steve; Hough-Goldstein, J A; MA-IPC Listserve<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] spotted knapweed in the east<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">We have spotted knapweed in a meadow site in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. It is a new population that is still small.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">Bryan Dolney<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">Field Ecologist<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"">45 South 23<sup>rd</sup> Street
<span style="background:white">· </span>Suite 101 <span style="background:white">
· </span>Pittsburgh, PA 15203-2120<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#A6A6A6"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> MAIPC [<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Grund, Steve<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, August 13, 2015 12:20 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Hough-Goldstein, J A; MA-IPC Listserve<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] spotted knapweed in the east<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Spotted knapweed is a problematic invasive species in dry open habitats in Pennsylvania. Shale barrens, xeric limestone prairies, etc.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Steve Grund<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Botanist<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Natural Heritage Program, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">800 Waterfront Drive<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Pittsburgh, PA 15222<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">(412) 586-2350<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><a href="http://www.paconserve.org">www.paconserve.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> MAIPC [<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Hough-Goldstein, J A<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, July 01, 2015 10:29 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> MA-IPC Listserve<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [GRAYMAIL] [MAIPC] spotted knapweed in the east<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">All,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I am working on adding spotted knapweed to the list of invasive plants in the Mid-Atlantic that have biocontrol insects available for release, but the vast
majority of published work deals with infestations in western rangelands. The implication seems to be that it rarely becomes invasive in the east, but maybe that is changing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Does anyone know of (1) infestations of knapweed in particular habitats in the east or (2) any states in the eastern US that have released biocontrol insects
targeting this species?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Judy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">____________________________<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Judy Hough-Goldstein, Professor<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Dept. Entomology & Wildlife Ecology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Phone: (302) 831-2529<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">E-mail:
<a href="mailto:jhough@udel.edu">jhough@udel.edu</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><a href="http://canr.udel.edu/faculty/hough-goldstein-judy/">http://canr.udel.edu/faculty/hough-goldstein-judy/</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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