<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)"><!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Comic Sans MS";
panose-1:3 15 7 2 3 3 2 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Oak leaves, too. For the same reasons. I have kept much of my property free of stilt grass by mulching with the leaves from my pin oak (topped with pine needles so the leaves don’t blow away).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Marney<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Ellis, Michael<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, September 28, 2015 9:49 AM<br><b>To:</b> Earl "Bud" Reaves Jr.; tomnjan2<br><b>Cc:</b> INVASIVES@listserv.umd.edu; MA-IPC MA-IPC<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] FW: Stilt grass question<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I agree with Bud, and I was going to say Hollies and laurels/rhododendrons/azaleas generally prefer to grow in acidic soils. You should also notice less stilt grass growing in pine forests and under large pines due to acidity of decomposing pine needles.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I'd further venture to say the rate of decomposition of the strong holly and laurel leaves may be playing a role. The dense lignin/cellulose content of holly leaves means it takes at least two years for the leaves to break down. My thought is that these trees may be self mulching and stilt grass may have a hard time establishing in areas of dense, long lasting leaf litter.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Michael Ellis<br>Non-Native Invasive Plant Specialist<br>Natural and Historical Resources Division, Park Ranger Office<br>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<br><a href="http://www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a> <br><br><a href="tel:240-429-5042">240-429-5042</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>_____________________________<br>From: Earl "Bud" Reaves Jr. <<a href="mailto:ipreav00@aacounty.org">ipreav00@aacounty.org</a>><br>Sent: Monday, September 28, 2015 9:30 AM<br>Subject: Re: [MAIPC] FW: Stilt grass question<br>To: tomnjan2 <<a href="mailto:tomnjan2@comcast.net">tomnjan2@comcast.net</a>><br>Cc: MA-IPC MA-IPC <<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>>, <<a href="mailto:INVASIVES@listserv.umd.edu">INVASIVES@listserv.umd.edu</a>><br><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Comic Sans MS"'>I think it may be a soil condition, specifically a low pH from the accumulation of leaf debris. Stilt grass is known to prefer more basic soils. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Mon, Sep 28, 2015 at 8:46 AM, tomnjan2 <<a href="mailto:tomnjan2@comcast.net">tomnjan2@comcast.net</a>> wrote: <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>There were areas that little light was clearly at play, but a blanketed grass area with a lone Holly still didn't have grass below. Tree heights were mixed, and many were in significant sunlight as well. This variety of holly is more open than common garden type. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Jan <br><br>Sent from my iPad <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>On Sep 28, 2015, at 8:03 AM, "Hughes, Jake" < <a href="mailto:jake_hughes@nps.gov">jake_hughes@nps.gov</a>> wrote: <o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>My guess is that light limitation is at work. Cole and Weltzin found the same pattern with paw paw (Asimina triloba): <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Cole, P.G. and J.F. Weltzin. 2005. Light limitation creates patchy distribution of an invasive grass in eastern deciduous forests. Biological Invasions 7(3): 477-488.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Mon, Sep 28, 2015 at 6:27 AM, Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>> wrote: <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Any response for Tom and Jan?</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='color:blue'>Marc Imlay, PhD, </span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Chair, Biological control working Group </span><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator.</span><span style='color:blue'><br></span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'><a href="tel:(301)%20442-5657">(301) 442-5657</a> cell </span></b><span style='color:#1F497D'><a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" title="blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a><b><br></b></span><b><span style='color:blue'>Natural and Historical Resources Division<br>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<br></span><span style='color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.pgparks.com/" title="blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::http://www.pgpa"><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";text-decoration:none'>www.pgparks.com</span></a></span><span style='color:blue'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p> <o:p></o:p></p><p> <o:p></o:p></p><p>-----Original Message-----<br>From: tomnjan2 [mailto:<a href="mailto:tomnjan2@comcast.net">tomnjan2@comcast.net</a>] <br>Sent: Monday, September 28, 2015 12:16 AM<br>To: Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>><br>Subject: Stilt grass question<o:p></o:p></p><p> <o:p></o:p></p><p>Hi Marc, <o:p></o:p></p><p>Tom (Crone) and I were walking around the back end of Greenbelt Park today. He was checking on some multiflora rose he'd cut earlier as well stilt grass he cut. But I noticed something I hadn't before. There were large swathes of stilt grass that had bare patches within those areas. The common denominator was Holly tree leaf shed. We started searching elsewhere and found the same correlation. The stilt grass totally avoided wherever the dropped holly leaves landed. Have you seen this before, or know if there's a specific chemical in the leaf that inhibits or kills the grass? Or some other symbiotic relationship creating the inhibition? I'm really curious to know. As we were driving out of the park, I started looking at the mountain laurel and what I saw didn't seem to be surrounded by stilt grass either.<o:p></o:p></p><p> <o:p></o:p></p><p>thanks<o:p></o:p></p><p>Jan Steiner<o:p></o:p></p><p> <o:p></o:p></p><p>Sent from my iPad=<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=3 width="99%" noshade style='color:#909090' align=center></div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td style='padding:0in 11.25pt 0in 6.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p></o:p></span></a></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#3D4D5A'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:#3D4D5A;text-decoration:none'>This email has been checked for viruses by Avast antivirus software. <br><u><span style='color:blue'>www.avast.com</span></u> <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><br>_______________________________________________ <br>MAIPC mailing list <br><u><span style='color:blue'>MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</span></u> <br><u><span style='color:blue'>http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</span></u> <o:p></o:p></span></a></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>-- <o:p></o:p></span></a></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Jake Hughes <br>Lead Biological Science Technician <br>Shenandoah National Park <br><u><span style='color:blue'>3655 US Hwy 211 E</span></u><br><u><span style='color:blue'>Luray, VA 22835</span></u> <br><u><span style='color:blue'>Jake_Hughes@nps.gov</span></u> <br>Office: <u><span style='color:blue'>540-999-3500 ext 3492</span></u> <br>Fax: <u><span style='color:blue'>540-999-3697</span></u> <o:p></o:p></span></a></p></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><br>_______________________________________________ <br>MAIPC mailing list <br><u><span style='color:blue'>MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</span></u> <br><u><span style='color:blue'>http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</span></u> <o:p></o:p></span></a></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>-- <o:p></o:p></span></a></p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS"'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Earl "Bud" Reaves,</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS"'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>County Forester</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS"'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Licensed Forester, </span><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>ISA Certified Arborist</span><sup><span style='font-family:Symbol;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Ò</span></sup><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS"'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><u><span style='color:blue'>2664 Riva Road</span></u></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS"'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><u><span style='color:blue'>Annapolis, Maryland 21401</span></u> MS #6201</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Comic Sans MS"'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><u><span style='color:blue'>410.222.7441 X3230</span></u> Fax: <u><span style='color:blue'>410.222.7752</span></u></span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> <o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><u><span style='color:blue'>http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/index.html</span></u></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS"'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><u><span style='color:blue'>Emerald Ash Borer Info</span></u></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none'><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></b></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p></div></div></body></html>