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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> aliens-l-request@list.auckland.ac.nz [mailto:aliens-l-request@list.auckland.ac.nz] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Shyama Pagad<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 02, 2015 5:53 PM<br><b>To:</b> aliens-l Mailing List <aliens-l@list.auckland.ac.nz><br><b>Cc:</b> valter.ecologia@gmail.com<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Aliens-L] Biological invasions and environmental education<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><a name="_MailEndCompose"><i><span lang=EN-NZ>How to avoid fish introductions in Brazil: education and information as alternatives - ResearchGate</span></i></a><span lang=EN-NZ>. Available from: <a href="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/282360284_How_to_avoid_fish_introductions_in_Brazil_education_and_information_as_alternatives">http://www.researchgate.net/publication/282360284_How_to_avoid_fish_introductions_in_Brazil_education_and_information_as_alternatives</a> [accessed Oct 3, 2015].<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=EN-NZ>Abstract</span></b><span lang=EN-NZ> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ>In Brazil, the introduction of non-native fish is commonplace, and the only existing measure to address this problem is the normative approach (i.e., laws and inspections). However, this approach has failed to control or prevent introductions because enforcing laws in a country the size of a continent, where inspections and monitoring are minimal or non-existent, is difficult. In addition, society is generally unaware of this issue. More effective actions or complementary preventive measures are urgently needed, and the most promising approach is to change human behavior via educational opportunities. In this short essay, we propose that exposing society to high quality information is a powerful alternative because well-informed people naturally make more rational and balanced decisions. For example, informed stakeholders may be more cautious when handling non-native species, may adopt appropriate management practices and may cease deliberate releases. Moreover, a well-informed society will naturally avoid or prevent harmful activities that may lead to the introduction of alien species. From this perspective, this short essay explores opportunities to implement educational practices for containing new introductions. First, we present the primary activities that are responsible for the introduction of non-native fish in Brazil (i.e., aquaculture, fishkeeping and sport fishing) and then suggest simple educational pathways that are specific to each activity. In addition, we advocate for the inclusion of invasion biology in formal education to educate society as a whole. If the topic receives the necessary attention in the educational curriculum, then education will play a central role in creating new behavioral standards, awareness and responsibility at different societal levels, with the primary goal of reducing the rate of new fish introductions.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <br></span><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black'>Shyama Pagad<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black'><br>Program Officer<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black'>IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black'>University of Auckland, New Zealand</span><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'><br><br></span><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Valter M. Azevedo-Santos [<a href="mailto:valter.ecologia@gmail.com">mailto:valter.ecologia@gmail.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, 3 October 2015 2:16 a.m.<br><b>Subject:</b> Biological invasions and environmental education<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Dear colleague:</span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>I am sending our recent article about education and information as alternatives to minimize biological invasions.</span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>The article can be accessed at this link:<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282360284_How_to_avoid_fish_introductions_in_Brazil_education_and_information_as_alternatives">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282360284_How_to_avoid_fish_introductions_in_Brazil_education_and_information_as_alternatives</a></span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Or attachment.</span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Please, send to your colleagues.</span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Thank you.</span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>Cheers!</span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p style='line-height:50%'><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Valter M. <b>Azevedo-Santos</b></span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='line-height:50%'><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Laboratório de Ictiologia de Botucatu<b> </b>(LIB)</span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='line-height:50%'><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP)</span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='line-height:50%'><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Telefone: <a href="tel:%28014%29%2038800626" target="_blank">(014) 38800626</a></span><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valter_Azevedo-Santos3" target="_blank"><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valter_Azevedo-Santos3" target="_blank">ResearchGate</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span lang=EN-NZ>"Ohne Musik wäre das Leben ein Irrtum" (Nietzsche)<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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