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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">A dramatic reason to control our deer to a natural density.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">At the 200 acre Swann Park in Charles County, MD I have found vast uncontrollable mono-cultures of Japanese Stilt grass where the deer are out of control but very small amounts
that we remove each year where the deer are much less, as evident by excellent biological diversity of native plants. No Japanese barberry and about 20 % of the protected area is thick underbrush of greenbrier and blackberry.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue">Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological control working Group <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue">Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator.</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue">
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue"><br>
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue"><a href="blocked::blocked::tel:(301)%20442-5657" target="_blank" title="blocked::blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657
blocked::tel:(301) 442-5657"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:blue">(301)
442-5657</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue"> cell </span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com" target="_blank" title="blocked::blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com
blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:blue">ialm@erols.com</span></a><br>
</span><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue">Natural and Historical Resources Division<br>
The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<br>
</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="http://www.pgparks.com/" target="_blank" title="blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/
blocked::blocked::blocked"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:blue;text-decoration:none">www.pgparks.com</span></b></a></span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Ellis, Michael
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, November 01, 2015 6:25 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> kgmerger <<a href="mailto:kgmerger@verizon.net">kgmerger@verizon.net</a>>; Imlay, Marc <<a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com">Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</a>>; 'ipetrus1@verizon.net' <<a href="mailto:ipetrus1@verizon.net">ipetrus1@verizon.net</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> 'sgagne@erols.com' <<a href="mailto:sgagne@erols.com">sgagne@erols.com</a>>;
<a href="mailto:bb22@cornell.edu">bb22@cornell.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: FW: Deer control in Howard County<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">From what I've seen hiking through MPEA, Stiltgrass and Wavyleaf are very well established in this park but have a harder time forming vast monocultures because of thick underbrush of greenbrier, rubus, and unfortunately a very bad Japanese
barberry problem. I was however told that there are several acres of the park absolutely dominated by Wavyleaf and Stiltgrass that they are unable to control, it's possible there are more deer in that section of the park.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">They pull out and spray as much Wavyleaf as they can in the summer but they stop working on it by the end of August, afraid they will spread seeds. When I was there in October the Wavyleaf with seeds were all over the trails along with
the Stiltgrass.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">I was impressed however with vast thick brier patches which were dense enough to limit the access of deer to some sections of the park, further protecting native plant diversity.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Michael Ellis<br>
Non-Native Invasive Plant Specialist<br>
Natural and Historical Resources Division, Park Ranger Office<br>
The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<br>
<a href="http://www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a> <br>
<br>
<a href="tel:240-429-5042">240-429-5042</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Imlay, Marc
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, November 01, 2015 6:03 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'ipetrus1@verizon.net' <<a href="mailto:ipetrus1@verizon.net">ipetrus1@verizon.net</a>>; 'kgmerger' <<a href="mailto:kgmerger@verizon.net">kgmerger@verizon.net</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Ellis, Michael <<a href="mailto:Michael.Ellis@pgparks.com">Michael.Ellis@pgparks.com</a>>; 'sgagne@erols.com' <<a href="mailto:sgagne@erols.com">sgagne@erols.com</a>>; 'bb22@cornell.edu' <<a href="mailto:bb22@cornell.edu">bb22@cornell.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> FW: Deer control in Howard County<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Hi John Peter and Aylene,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Studies by Cornell University found sites where Japanese Stilt grass went away within deer exclosures. The question is what would happen with a natural density of deer with managed
hunts. At the 1,000 acre MPEA park with a current natural density of 20 deer/square mile how is the stilt grass doing? Cheers<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Marc<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The “experimental” managed hunt proposed to the MPEF differed in many respects from the traditional hunting regulations followed by MD DNR. Its purpose was not
<i>recreational</i>, designed with hunter satisfaction its foremost concern, but <i>
management</i> with the frank aim of taking out enough deer to seriously reduce their number. Moreover, the area to be hunted was so imbedded in a residential area that exceptional safety precautions had to be taken and residents’ safety concerns assuaged.
These two principles guided the hunt protocols.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol">·</span> Schedule outside the regular deer season, so as to recruit a sufficient hunter pool by not restricting their opportunities elsewhere.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol">·</span> Deer taken not to be counted against hunter’s seasonal limit<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol">·</span> Two antlerless deer to be taken before every antlered deer taken, and no restriction on the number of antlerless deer. (Recall the distinction
between “antlerless” and “does” above).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol">·</span> All shots to be fired from deer stands, minimum height of 10', hunters wearing safety harness, and all shots aimed downward.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol">·</span> Safety zone 150 yards from park perimeter, rather than from “occupied buildings”.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol">·</span> All wounded deer to be tracked to ensure kill.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol">·</span> Hunters to be widely spaced at a density of one per 30 acres, at fixed positions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol">·</span> An official Hunt Coordinator present with authority to oversee the placement of hunters within the site.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.5in"><span style="font-family:Symbol">·</span> Rigorous screening of applicants, held to stricter standards than those sufficient for a hunting license.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As required for all deer hunting in Maryland, firearms were limited to shotguns firing slugs, whose range is about 200 yards.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This was not the first managed hunt to take place in the eastern United States. Others similar had taken place in Missouri in 1989<a style="mso-endnote-id:edn1" href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup>5</sup></span></a>;
Ohio in 1993<a style="mso-endnote-id:edn2" href="#_edn2" name="_ednref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup>6</sup></span></a>; Gettysburg National Park in 1995<a style="mso-endnote-id:edn3" href="#_edn3" name="_ednref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup>7</sup></span></a>;
Groton Long Point CT in 1996<a style="mso-endnote-id:edn4" href="#_edn4" name="_ednref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup>8</sup></span></a>, Bluff Point CT in 1990 and 1996<a style="mso-endnote-id:edn5" href="#_edn5" name="_ednref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup>9</sup></span></a>,
each containing most of the elements of the MPEA hunt but none all of them. <o:p>
</o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:3.5in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">While numbers vary from day to day, and the FLIR survey no doubt misses some animals present, it appears safe to say that the deer density at MPEA has now approached the target level of 20 deer per square mile. The annual harvest goal to
maintain this density required only 5 hunt days this past season. This is a remarkable achievement after 9 years of concerted well-planned management.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Today the MPEA exhibits no obvious signs of the vegetative depredation so prominent ten years ago. No browse line is evident anywhere in the park. A more rigorous comparison with the pre-deer overabundance conditions awaits a repeat of
quantitative vegetative surveys such as were made in 1971 and 1992. Equally valuable would be a resumption of the Breeding Bird Censuses on the site that were discontinued in 1993.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Frederick Fallon [<a href="mailto:fwfallon@ymail.com">mailto:fwfallon@ymail.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 19, 2015 9:31 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Sally Gagne <<a href="mailto:sgagne@erols.com">sgagne@erols.com</a>>; Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Deer control in Howard County</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Sally, Marc -</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Attached is my history of Howard County's deer control project. It was written at the behest of the Middle Patuxent Environmental Area Advisory Committee,
and - bear in mind- some 10 years ago. A lot of historical background is included, maybe not
<em id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445296522769_3143"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">a propos</span></em> to your focus on the subject, but I think that that may lend some interest and color. In any case, here it is attached, in WP. Thanks for asking!</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Fred Fallon</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Huntingtown MD</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><a style="mso-endnote-id:edn1" href="#_ednref1" name="_edn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">5</span></a>. Hansen, L.P., J. Berringer, “Managed hunts to control White-tailed deer populations on urban
public areas in Missouri”, in Ref B: 484-487.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-endnote-id:edn2" href="#_ednref2" name="_edn2" title=""></a><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">6</span>. Shafer-Nolan, A.L., “The science and politics of deer overabundance at Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area, Ohio”, in Ref B: 457-461.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn3">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><a style="mso-endnote-id:edn3" href="#_ednref3" name="_edn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">7</span></a>. Frost, H.C., G.I. Storm, M.J. Bacheller, M.J. Lovallo, “White-tailed Deer Management at
Gettysburg National Military Park”, in Ref.B: 462-469.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn4">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><a style="mso-endnote-id:edn4" href="#_ednref4" name="_edn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">8</span></a>. Kilpatrick, H.J., W.D. Walter, “Urban deer management: A community vote”, in Ref B: 388-391.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn5">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><a style="mso-endnote-id:edn5" href="#_ednref5" name="_edn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">9</span></a>. Kilpatrick, H.J., S.M. Shelley, G.G. Chasko, “A controlled Deer Hunt on a state-owned coastal
reserve in CT: controversies, strategies, and results”, in Ref B: 451-456.<o:p></o:p></p>
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