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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>A good focus on the benefits of Deer Control is to confirm the hypothetical absence or reduction of large mono-cultures of Japanese Stiltgrass</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>where deer have been reduced to ~20/square mile for several years? Do we have such information on deer density in any of our parks for studies next year? Managed hunts are generally more appropriate than exclosures.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com">Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</a> (301) 442-5657 cell <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Natural and Historical Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Original email:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>-----------------<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>From: McShea, William J. <a href="mailto:McSheaW@si.edu"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>McSheaW@si.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Date: Fri, 27 Nov 2015 22:47:52 +0000<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>To: <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>ialm@erols.com</span></a>, <a href="mailto:jrd@kinlochfarm.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>jrd@kinlochfarm.com</span></a>, <a href="mailto:invasives@listserv.umd.edu"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>invasives@listserv.umd.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Subject: RE: [INVASIVES] [MAIPC] New Information?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>we have no expclosures that manipulated the density of deer beyond excluding all deer. Setting a density inside an exclosure is harder than you would think as seasonal shifts in range make a single exclosure unsurvivable for deer. Look at Pennsylvania studies by dcalesta bill. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>William McShea<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Conservation Ecology Center<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>1500 Remount Road<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Front Royal, VA 22630<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>540-635-6563<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>From: <a href="mailto:ialm@imap.mail.rcn.net"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>ialm@imap.mail.rcn.net</span></a> [ialm@imap.mail.rcn.net] on behalf of <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>ialm@erols.com</span></a> [ialm@erols.com]<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Sent: Friday, November 27, 2015 1:57 PM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>To: <a href="mailto:jrd@kinlochfarm.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>jrd@kinlochfarm.com</span></a>; <a href="mailto:invasives@listserv.umd.edu"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>invasives@listserv.umd.edu</span></a>; McShea, William J.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Subject: Re: [INVASIVES] [MAIPC] New Information?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Hi Bill,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>With the beneficial effects of deer exclosures on Japanese Stiltgrass mono-cultures, did some of your exclosures reduce the deer density to ~20/square mile as opposed to eliminating deer? There are groups reducing deer by managed hunts to a natural level of ~20/square mile such as MPEA.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological control working Group Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator. <a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>(301) 442-5657 cell Natural and Historical Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>]The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Original email:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>-----------------<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>From: Jonathan Duffy <a href="mailto:jrd@KINLOCHFARM.COM"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>jrd@KINLOCHFARM.COM</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Date: Fri, 27 Nov 2015 12:37:33 -0500<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>To: <a href="mailto:INVASIVES@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>INVASIVES@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Subject: Re: [INVASIVES] [MAIPC] New Information?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Check with Bill McShea at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal Va. They have had a deer exclusion fence up for some 20 years with interesting results. Also small fenced test plots have shown interesting reduction of stilt grass.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Jonathan Duffy<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Kinloch Farm<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>540-272-0798<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>On Nov 27, 2015, at 12:23 PM, "<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>ialm@erols.com</span></a>" <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>ialm@erols.com</span></a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Switching attention to the other, often hopeless, monster, Japanese Stiltgrass, does anyone have information on the hypothetical absence or reduction of large mono-cultures where deer have been reduced to ~20/square mile for several years? Let's plan on this as a research project.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological control working Group Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator. <a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>(301) 442-5657 cell Natural and Historical Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p></div>
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