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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>See <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/pecva/mcshea-sacharuna2012">http://www.slideshare.net/pecva/mcshea-sacharuna2012</a> Slide 39: “Microstegium vimineum. absence found almost only within deer exclosure.” This reduction to absence was not reported for other invasive species shown in other slides. They have to continue to be removed by cut, pull, and spray and biological controls and patrolling out borders even with deer control. This is the same result as reported by Cornell University/Bernd Blossey in their studies. <span style='color:#1F497D'>The experiments with managed hunts as opposed to deer exclosures, hopefully done by many people, would be for all of us to support deer control more since so many of us hate stiltgrass and many have given up on controlling it. </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Regarding</span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> the often hopeless monster, Japanese Stiltgrass, does anyone <span style='color:#1F497D'>else </span>have information on the hypothetical absence or major reduction of large mono-cultures where deer have been reduced to <span style='color:#1F497D'>the relatively natural density of </span>~20/square mile for several years? <span style='color:#1F497D'>We have 4 status responses so far. </span>Let's plan on this as a research project<span style='color:#1F497D'> for many of us to do. One advantage of 20/square mile is that we actually need some deer to support the native ecosystem. If reduction of Japanese Stiltgrass occurs at slightly greater densities of deer when more feasible to accomplish, this finding would also be useful. </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological control working Group Conservation <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>coordinator. <a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>(301) 442-5657 cell Natural and Historical Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445296522769_3319"><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445296522769_3320"><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>-----Original Message-----<br>From: McShea, William J. [<a href="mailto:McSheaW@si.edu">mailto:McSheaW@si.edu</a>] <br>Sent: Friday, November 27, 2015 5:48 PM<br>To: <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>; <a href="mailto:jrd@kinlochfarm.com">jrd@kinlochfarm.com</a>; <a href="mailto:invasives@listserv.umd.edu">invasives@listserv.umd.edu</a><br>Subject: RE: [INVASIVES] [MAIPC] New Information?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>we have no expclosures that manipulated the density of deer beyond excluding all deer. setting a density inside an exclosure is harder than you would think as seasonal shifts in range make a single exclosure unsurvivable for deer. look at Pennsylvania studies by dcalesta bill. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>William McShea<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Conservation Ecology Center<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>1500 Remount Road<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Front Royal, VA 22630<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>540-635-6563<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>From: <a href="mailto:ialm@imap.mail.rcn.net"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>ialm@imap.mail.rcn.net</span></a> [ialm@imap.mail.rcn.net] on behalf of <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>ialm@erols.com</span></a> [ialm@erols.com]<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Sent: Friday, November 27, 2015 1:57 PM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>To: <a href="mailto:jrd@kinlochfarm.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>jrd@kinlochfarm.com</span></a>; <a href="mailto:invasives@listserv.umd.edu"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>invasives@listserv.umd.edu</span></a>; McShea, William J.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Subject: Re: [INVASIVES] [MAIPC] New Information?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Hi Bill,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>With the beneficial effects of deer exclosures on Japanese Stiltgrass mono-cultures, did some of your exclosures reduce the deer density to ~20/square mile as opposed to eliminating deer? There are groups reducing deer by managed hunts to a natural level of ~20/square mile such as MPEA.<span style='color:#1F497D'> </span>Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological control working Group Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator. <a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>(301) 442-5657 cell Natural and Historical Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>]The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Original email:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>-----------------<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>From: Jonathan Duffy <a href="mailto:jrd@KINLOCHFARM.COM"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>jrd@KINLOCHFARM.COM</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Date: Fri, 27 Nov 2015 12:37:33 -0500<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>To: <a href="mailto:INVASIVES@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>INVASIVES@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Subject: Re: [INVASIVES] [MAIPC] New Information?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Check with Bill McShea at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal Va. They have had a deer exclusion fence up for some 20 years with interesting results. Also small fenced test plots have shown interesting reduction of stilt grass.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Jonathan Duffy<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Kinloch Farm<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>540-272-0798<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p></div></div></div>
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