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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I too have seen many short multiflora shoots and small winged euonymus from deer browsing. This was in places with high deer densities due to hunting not being allowed at a former Boys Club camp and at Lancaster County Central Park. But there are also large plants of these species also present.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>In the county park in the fall, I pull small Oriental bittersweet, privets, Amur honeysuckle, Japanese barberry, and Norway maple. I have never seen them browsed. The park regenerates a lot of sugar maple saplings, but I have not noticed them browsed. I would be good to do careful browsing surveys. Hackberry is one of the most common saplings, so it probably is not preferred browse.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>In the rich woods at Tucquan Glen in Lancaster County, I see black elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) browsed to the ground every year. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I once went on a deer density/ browsing study at Governor Dick Park, an 1100 acre forested area near Mt. Gretna, PA where deer hunting had been forbidden by deed. The forest was very depleted of regenerating shrubs & trees due to heavy browsing. The PA state forester doing the browsing assessment noted that Spicebush was one of the main plants browsed. He said that it is one of the least favored browse species and indicated heavy browsing. He said that Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium) is one of the most favored woody species for browse. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><u><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Here is an excellent reference about deer browse preferences from United States Department of Agriculture.<o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/2014/NA-IN-02-14_WhitetailedDeerNEForestsWEB.pdf">http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/2014/NA-IN-02-14_WhitetailedDeerNEForestsWEB.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>White-tailed Deer in Northeastern Forests: Understanding and Assessing Impacts<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Here is a useful study: <a href="http://www.deerandforests.org/resources/ratings-of-white-tailed-deer-preferences-for-woody-browse-in-indiana">http://www.deerandforests.org/resources/ratings-of-white-tailed-deer-preferences-for-woody-browse-in-indiana</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>They asked foresters etc. to rate trees and shrubs for deer preference and then analyzed and summarized the reports.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>John Ambler<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Lancaster, PA<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Stephen Hiltner<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, May 02, 2016 5:12 PM<br><b>To:</b> MAIPSC listserv<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] Choosy deer choose.....natives<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>This sentence in the article is curious: "<span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#333333'>But other invasive, introduced plants -- Oriental bittersweet, European privet, and Morrow's honeysuckle, and a native plant, red maple -- were highly preferred by deer." </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#333333'>In Princeton, NJ, the deer can often keep multiflora rose and winged euonymus from growing back after being cut to the ground. Nice to have that assistance. They don't appear to be interested in privet, honeysuckle or Asian photinia. </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="goog_353779904"><br></a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://PrincetonNatureNotes.org">PrincetonNatureNotes.org</a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://Newscompanion.com.">Newscompanion.com.</a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Mon, May 2, 2016 at 3:34 PM, Ossi, Damien (DOEE) <<a href="mailto:damien.ossi@dc.gov" target="_blank">damien.ossi@dc.gov</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Here in DC I have noticed that deer will never browse on English ivy on the ground, but will browse on arborescent English ivy. There’s usually a distinct browse line on trees that have English ivy vines growing up them, and they will browse the ivy on fallen trees. I wonder if the leaves become palatable when they change from the trefoil shape to the spade shape on arborescent, reproductive ivy? </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Of course, our deer—at a population density of 80/mile^2—may be pretty desperate for food items, but they ignore the English ivy (and periwinkle and wintercreeper and pachysandra and lesser celandine and honeysuckle) that carpets the ground in some of our natural areas.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Damien</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Damien P. Ossi</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Wildlife Biologist</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Fisheries and Wildlife Division</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Department of Energy & Environment</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Government of the District of Columbia</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>1200 First Street NE, 5th Floor</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Washington, DC 20002</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Desk: <a href="tel:%28202%29%20741-0840" target="_blank">(202) 741-0840</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Web: <a href="http://www.doee.dc.gov/" target="_blank">doee.dc.gov</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> MAIPC [mailto:<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank">maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Steve Young<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, May 02, 2016 8:55 AM<br><b>To:</b> MAIPSC listserv<br><b>Cc:</b> Antonio DiTommaso; Kristine M Averill; Carrie Jean Brown-Lima; Dave Mortensen<br><b>Subject:</b> [MAIPC] Choosy deer choose.....natives</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sciencedaily/plants_animals/invasive_species/~3/4yw3dx6RKdc/160428122502.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email" target="_blank">Taste test? Deer preferences seem to be helping non-native invasive plants spread</a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Steve</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>_______________________________________________<br>MAIPC mailing list<br><a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org">MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</a><br><a href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org" target="_blank">http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>