<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.apple-converted-space
{mso-style-name:apple-converted-space;}
span.EmailStyle18
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle21
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Reminder, with limited resources at least control these two for health and safety as well as environmental reasons.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Marc<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Jeff Day [<a href="mailto:jday@bayjournal.com">mailto:jday@bayjournal.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, May 20, 2016 7:12 AM<br><b>To:</b> Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Bay journal seeks links<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Wow — thanks Marc! <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>On May 20, 2016, at 12:16 AM, Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>Hi Jeff,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>I would recommend removing all the Japanese barberry and Asiatic bush honeysuckle since these invasive plants increase the risk of ticks with the lyme Disease parasite, Borelia burgdorferi, by a factor of 8.8 for the barberry and 10 for the honeysuckle. When Matt Salo, as he mentioned at the meeting today. removed all the Japanese barberry at </span></b><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red;font-weight:normal'>M-NCPPC</span></strong><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'> </span></span><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'> Euclid Park in Cheverly all the ticks went away that had been dense. The honeysuckle bushes are sometimes a foot in diameter and removing them makes the woods much easier to see thru and harder for bad people to hide. So we can tell managers that it is three for the price of one, 1. Health safety from the 300,000 cases of Lyme disease each year. 2. Less threat from crime, and 3. Protection of our native plants and animals.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, MAIPC Biological control working Group Conservation biologist,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'><a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><b><span style='color:red;text-decoration:none'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></b></a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>(301) 442-5657 cell Natural and Historical Resources Division</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:red'>Marc Imlay, PhD<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>Chair of the Biodiversity and Habitat Stewardship Committee for the Maryland Chapter of the Sierra Club.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>C. Lyme Disease Management<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>There is an 8.8 times increased risk of lyme disease in Japanese Barberry dominated areas. Jeff Ward reported at the MA-EPPC conference last August 2007 that ticks doubled in Connecticut where Japanese Barberry was present. A year later “The Connecticut researchers found that questing adult ticks were most abundant in areas dominated by Japanese barberry, and that about 44% of the ticks found in barberry were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, -- the spirochete causative agent of human Lyme disease. However, only 10% of the less abundant ticks from non-barberry areas were infected. These findings suggest a great probability of humans becoming infected with Lyme disease in barberry dominated areas.”<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Thus, there is an 8.8 times greater risk in Japanese barberry patches.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Staff at Catoctin Mountain National Park have been looking for<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>justification to control the Japanese Barberry which has evidently<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>covered about 1/4th of the 5,000 acres. This may help.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>One of the principles of Parasitology is that parasite problems<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>increase in disturbed mono-cultural habitats. Shistosomiasis<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>from snails in Africa is a classic example with the incidence being<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>very low in the more natural areas. We recommend monitoring both<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>deer tick density and percent of ticks that are actual hosts of the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Lyme disease bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>We have three goals, to reduce lyme disrease, to remove the lyme<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>disease barrier to enjoyment of nature, and to provide support for<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>control of non-native invasive plants. Note the message below.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>NISC Biweekly report for October 17 - October 31 *Meeting</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Linkage Between Invasive Plants and Human Disease: October<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>2008,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Scott C. Williams a researcher at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station together with Jeffery S. Ward, Thomas E. Worthley, and Kirby C. Stafford from the University of Connecticut reported that the management of the invasive plant, Japanese barberry (Berberis thumbergii) reduces blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) abundance and could have human health ramifications. The native white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) is a primary host for larval and nymphal blacklegged tick. The researchers<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>found that tick abundances were greatest in dense barberry. These ticks are a major vector for agents that cause Lyme disease, human grandulocyticanaplasmosis, and human babesiosis. <span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:blue'> </span><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Regarding control of Bush Honeysuckle at College Park Aviation Museum and at other sites here is information on the University of Missouri research that found that Asiatic Bush Honeysuckle increases the risk of tick borne disease by a factor of ten</span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:navy'>.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>While the research was done on Lone Star ticks in deer host habitat it likely applies to deer ticks and Lyme disease in Maryland.</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span></b></span><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Two other tick species (lone star tick, American dog tick) do not transmit Lyme disease, but transmit other diseases affecting humans and are likely to be encountered in MD. Lyme Disease is the most commonly reported tick-borne disease in the United States. Maryland and Northern Virginia, as well as most of New England, are home to the highest rates of infection.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'><a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101011173245.htm" target="_blank" title="blocked::http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101011173245.htm"><span style='color:purple'>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101011173245.htm</span></a> <span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Science News Share Invasive Honeysuckle Increase Risk of Tick-Borne Disease in Suburbs</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>ScienceDaily (Oct. 11, 2010) "You don't have to go out into the woods</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>anymore," says tick expert Brian F. Allan, PhD, who just completed a</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>postdoctoral appointment at Washington University in St. Louis. "The deer</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>are bringing tick-borne disease to us."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>The invasive plant bush honeysuckle, for example.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Yes, that leafy shrub with the lovely egg-shaped leaves on arching</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>branches, fragrant white or yellow flowers and the dark red berries so</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>attractive to birds.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Called bush or Amur honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii derives from the borders of the Amur River, which divides the Russian Far East from Manchuria. Its Latin name honors Richard Maack, a 19th-century Russian naturalist.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"I've spent a lot of time in honeysuckle," Allan says, "and I can tell you</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>there are deer tunnels through it. So if you get down low, you can actually</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>move through honeysuckle pretty efficiently. And you pick up a lot of ticks</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>while you're back in there."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>An interdisciplinary team made up of ecologists, molecular biologists and</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>physicians from Washington University in St. Louis and the University of</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Missouri-St. Louis tested Allan's suspicions by experiment in a</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>conservation area near St. Louis.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>In this part of the country, the tick of concern is Amblyomma americanum,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>called the lone star tick because the adult female has a white splotch on</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>her back. The tick-borne diseases are the ehrlichioses, caused by bacteria</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>in the genus Ehrlichia, named for the German microbiologist Paul Ehrlich.</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>As Allan and his colleagues report this week in the Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences, the density of white-tailed deer inhoneysuckle-invaded areas was roughly five times that in areas withouthoneysuckle and the density of nymph life-stage ticks infected withbacteria that cause human disease was roughly 10 times higher.</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Hard as it may be to believe, given the long chain of interactions needed</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>to get there, the presence of bush honeysuckle substantially increases the</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>risk of human disease.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"But that's exactly what is happening," says Jonathan M. Chase, professor</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>of biology in Arts & Sciences and a collaborator on the project. The big</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>question now, says Chase, who is also director of Washington University's</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Tyson Research Center, is whether what holds for honeysuckle holds for</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>other invasive plants as well. "This may be something that's occurring</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>quite broadly, but we're really just starting to look at the connection</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>between invasive plants and tick-borne disease risk."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>The honeysuckle experiment</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>By fortunate chance, Allan and Chase were able to piggyback their</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>honeysuckle research on a similar experiment organized by Humberto P. Dutra of the University of Missouri-St. Louis for his dissertation research.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>At the August A. Busch Memorial Conservation Area in St. Charles, Mo., just west of St. Louis, Dutra set up four types of plots. In one type, the</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>honeysuckle and its berries were left alone; in the second, both the plants</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>and berries were removed; in the third, the plant was there but the berries</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>had been picked and in the fourth, berry clusters were placed on the ground but the plants were uprooted.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"It was very labor intensive so Dutra organized large teams of volunteers</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>-- dozens at a time -- to go out there and pick fruits," Allan says.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"The deer used the open areas less than the honeysuckle patches and we</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>don't think it's because they're eating the honeysuckle; we think they're</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>using it for physical structure," says Allan. "They like to bed in it</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>because it's the densest thing out there, the best structure in town. No</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>native species comes close to achieving the same density."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Allan and Dutra measured vegetation density by counting how many leaves</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>touched a string between two poles. By this criterion, honeysuckle patches</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>were 18 times denser than patches of native vegetation.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Moreover, Allan says, bush honeysuckle retains its leaves longer than most native species do. It's the first thing to leaf out in the spring and it's</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>the last thing in the understory to drop its leaves in the fall, so it</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>creates structure for a large portion of the year.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"This includes really important times of the year from the perspective of</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>tick biology," Allan adds. "Larval ticks, the first lifestage ticks, are</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>out from August until October. Come late October, honeysuckle is the only</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>thing providing green cover, so deer probably bed in honeysuckle throughout the larval tick season.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"The larval ticks become infected when they take their blood meal from an</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>infected host, usually a deer, and the next life-stage, the nymphs, may</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>spread disease to people if they grab onto them for the next blood meal.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Poop surveys</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Allan figures out deer density by counting scat. "I can spot one pellet,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>just one little popcorn-sized pellet from a couple of meters away," he</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>says. "And that's indicative of a really ridiculous amount of time spent in</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>my life counting deer feces."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Poop surveys, he calls them.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"Deer scat is pretty distinctive," he says. "The only thing you could mix<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>it up with is scat from an eastern cottontail rabbit, which is similar in</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>size and shape but much smaller. But it would be hard to distinguish the</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>scat from an adult rabbit and a baby deer; those are probably the only ones</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>it would be possible to mix up."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Counting ticks</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Wherever you find white-tailed deer, you are likely to find ticks, Allan</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>says. Lone star ticks need blood meals to power their metamorphoses from</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>larva, to nymph, to adult and to fatten up for egg laying.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>They sometimes bite coyotes, foxes and other animals, but their favorite</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>hosts are wild turkey and white-tailed deer.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"I use a very straightforward way of trapping ticks, Allan says, "and</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>that's a cooler baited with a piece of dry ice. As the dry ice sublimates,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>it releases carbon dioxide gas that attracts the ticks. The ticks climb</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>onto the trap and get stuck in doublesided carpet tape on the board, and</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>that's really all there is to it."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"The lone-star tick, the most commonly encountered tick in the St. Louis</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>area, is very aggressive and will actually go after its host. It will run</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>toward the host, faster than most people probably think a tick can run. It</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>has its front legs out, and it's trying to find you. It has sensory organs</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>on its front two legs, so it'll stand there and wave those legs around</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>trying to detect your heat and your carbon dioxide signature. And when it</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>gets closer, it kind of zig zags as it's approaching you, because it's</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>homing in on your signal and when it gets really close, it grabs on.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"Sometimes I'll just stand there and watch the ticks do this," he says</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>grinning. "It's pretty amusing.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"My record trap, the one that blew the rest out of the water, had 5,000</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>nymph lifestage lone-star ticks on it. We've done capture studies that</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>suggest the nymphs don't travel much more than three meters, so that means</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>there were 5,000 nymphal ticks within about a three-meter radius of where</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>we put that trap down.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"It was remarkable. It took 10 man-hours to count all the ticks on that</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>trap. We need to bring them into the lab to test them, so we pick them off</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>with a pair of forceps one at a time and put them in ethanol."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Getting blood from a tick</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>The ticks are brought into the lab where they are pulverized and the mash</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>is run through a DNA assay developed by Robert E. Thach, PhD, professor of biology in Arts & Sciences and of biochemistry and molecular biophysics in the School of Medicine, and Lisa S. Goessling, staff research associate in the Department of Biology.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"The technology for identifying mosquito blood meals has existed for some</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>time," Allan explains, "because mosquitoes take many blood meals over a</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>short period of time, so the blood is usually still fresh when you capture</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>them.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"It's much harder to get blood from a tick, which usually takes only one</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>blood meal per life stage," Thach says. "By the time we capture the tick,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>eight months to a year may have elapsed. The tick has had a long time to</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>digest that blood, so there may be only a tiny amount of DNA left -- if</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>there's any."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>The team did two assays on tick DNA: one to identify pathogenic bacteria</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>and the other to identify the animal that provided the tick's last blood</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>meal.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>The results showed that more blood meals were taken from deer in</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>honeysuckle-intact plots.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>The assay also looked for Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>among other pathogens. Both bacteria were once thought to cause disease</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>only in animals but have been found to infect people as well.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Ehrlichiosis is the general name used to describe several bacterial</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>diseases that affect animals and humans. The first case of human</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in 1986.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>A case of ehrlichiosis caused by another bacterium was identified in 1999</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>by Gregory A. Storch, MD, the Ruth L. Siteman Professor of Pediatrics at</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Washington University's School of Medicine. Worldwide, four ehrlichia</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>species are currently known to cause disease in humans.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Ehrlichiosis begins with symptoms typical of bacterial infection, such as</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>fever, headache, fatigue and muscle aches. More serious symptoms, such as joint pain and confusion, may occur and in rare instances the disease is</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>fatal.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Thach says that when he goes into the woods he wears special anti-tick</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>underwear called Bug Skinz and permethrin-saturated clothing over that.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Thach's lab is currently investigating Ehrlichia bacteria in squirrels and</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>local Ehrlichia hotspots, locations where the pathogen is found every</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>single time the scientists sample.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Win-Win Ecology?</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>The irrepressible Allan is more encouraged than not by the new findings.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"We're really simplifying our environment, he says. That's what the</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>diversity crisis is leading to -- humans living in monocultures. That's</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>exactly what bush honeysuckle is, a human-caused monoculture."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"But as ecologists like to say, nature abhors a monoculture. Monocultures</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>are unstable, and they often have negative consequences for human health."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"Many studies around the world are showing an increase in the risk of</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>infectious disease as a result of the loss of biological diversity."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"It's hard to get people to focus on invasive plants. That's why these</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>invaders are so successful. They're basically more persistent than we are."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"But people are more likely to pay attention when their health is at stake."</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>"So this may be a case of win-win ecology. Honeysuckle control would</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>benefit native species but it would also benefit human health. I think</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>that's the really encouraging message to have come out of this study. "</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Editor's Note: This article is not intended to provide medical advice,</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>diagnosis or treatment.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Email or share this story:| More<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>----------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>----</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Story Source:</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>staff) from materials provided by Washington University in St. Louis.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>----------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>----</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Journal Reference:</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>B. F. Allan, H. P. Dutra, L. S. Goessling, K. Barnett, J. M. Chase, R. J.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Marquis, G. Pang, G. A. Storch, R. E. Thach, J. L. Orrock. Invasive</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>honeysuckle eradication reduces tick-borne disease risk by altering host</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010; DOI:</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>10.1073/pnas.1008362107<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>following formats:<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> APA</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>MLA Washington University in St. Louis (2010, October 11). Invasive</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>honeysuckle increase risk of tick-borne disease in suburbs. ScienceDaily.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Retrieved October 12, 2010, from<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/" target="_blank" title="blocked::http://www.sciencedaily.com/"><span style='color:purple;font-weight:normal'>http://www.sciencedaily.com</span></a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>/releases/2010/10/101011173245.htm</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>enlarge</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>This is a wall of bush honeysuckle in a park in St. Louis. Half the time</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>that unidentifiable shrubby green thing is the invasive plant Amur</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii. A new study shows that whitetailed deer</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>shelter in bush honeysuckle, dropping larval ticks there that carry</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>diseases called the ehrlichioses. In this way an invasive plant is</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:blue'>indirectly linked to emerging zoonoses. (Credit: Brian Allan)</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Jeff Day [<a href="mailto:jday@bayjournal.com">mailto:jday@bayjournal.com</a>]<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Thursday, May 19, 2016 1:30 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a><br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Bay journal seeks links</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi Marc <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Pleasure meeting you today. Please send me the links to info about invasive plants that host ticks.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Many thanks<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Jeff<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>301-452-3297<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br>--<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Jeff Day<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Staff Writer<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Bay Journal<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>landline 301.942.8569<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>mobile 301.452.3497<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="mailto:jday@bayjounal.com" target="_blank"><span style='color:purple'>jday@bayjounal.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a href="http://www.bayjournal.com/" target="_blank"><span style='color:purple'>www.bayjournal.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellpadding=0 style='border:none;border-top:solid #AAABB6 1.0pt;orphans: auto;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px'><tr><td width=55 style='width:41.25pt;border:none;padding:9.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=icon" target="_blank"><span style='color:purple;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/2016/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-v1.png"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=470 style='width:352.5pt;border:none;padding:11.25pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:13.5pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#41424E'>Virus-free.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=link" target="_blank"><span style='color:#4453EA'>www.avast.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><br />
<table style="border-top: 1px solid #aaabb6;">
<tr>
<td style="width: 55px; padding-top: 13px;"><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=icon" target="_blank"><img src="https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/2016/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-v1.png" /></a></td>
<td style="width: 470px; padding-top: 15px; color: #41424e; font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Virus-free. <a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=link" target="_blank" style="color: #4453ea;">www.avast.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table></body></html>