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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Many, many, times when WLBG is removed in the same year that it arrived we win the battle. For example, at Swann park in Charles county, MD, a new specimen of WLBG appeared where a new trail was constructed by contractors. Fortunately I remove all invasives over every square foot of the 200 acre park each year so I caught it in time. It never came back. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>But if we wait several years we often lose the battle because unlike stiltgrass, mile-a-minute, etc. that have to be treated twice because of late emergents, WLBG has to be treated as much as 5 times because of late re-emergents. At our park in Beltsville we started in June and removed all of it . Then because of setting seed if we did not remove it later in the Summer we removed it twice, we were surprised to have to treat new emergents in November. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Marc<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> Sarah Archer [mailto:Sarcher@arlingtonva.us] <br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 10, 2016 11:03 AM<br><b>To:</b> Marc Imlay <ialm@erols.com><br><b>Cc:</b> Davis, Colin <colin_davis@nps.gov>; Mark Frey <mark_frey@nps.gov><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: [MAIPC] Wavyleaf Basketgrass updates<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Hello Marc,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>We finally found wavyleaf basketgrass in Arlington County. IPC was treating in Donaldson Run Park, near the GWMP and found one plant and pulled it out. We have scouted the surrounding area, but that was the only plant we have found so far. Please let me know if you need any further info.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Sarah Archer<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>Natural Resources Specialist<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:#1F497D'>Arlington County Department of Parks and Recreation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Parks and Natural Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>2700 South Taylor Street<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Arlington, VA 22206<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>703-228-1862<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><u><span style='color:#0563C1'><a href="mailto:sarcher@arlingtonva.us"><span style='color:#0563C1'>sarcher@arlingtonva.us</span></a></span></u><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> MAIPC [<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Marc Imlay<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 10, 2016 6:00 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> [MAIPC] Wavyleaf Basketgrass updates<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>I will present updates on wavyleaf basketgrass, Oplismenus undulatifolius, on September 17, 2016, at the fall conference of the Maryland Native Plant Society. Please send me updates, both good and bad. For example, Ranger Mike Ellis with M-NCPPC, has found many new major infestations in Prince Georges County, MD. He and I have found it abundant in upland open space habitat provided a large amount of water is available. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological Control Working Group <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Conservation Biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control Coordinator. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Cell: (301) 442-5657, <a href="ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Natural and Historical Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Published by: <a href="http://www.bioone.org/action/showPublisher?code=tobs"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Torrey Botanical Society</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <span style='color:#1F497D'>FW: <a href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 140(4):391-413. 2013 <br>doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://dx.doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>An introduction to Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. & Schult. (wavyleaf basketgrass), a recent invader in Mid-Atlantic forest understories<a href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot#fn1"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>1,</span></a><a href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot#fn2"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>2</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><img border=0 width=1 height=1 style='width:.0104in;height:.0104in' id="Picture_x0020_4" src="cid:image001.gif@01D1F347.CEEF4570" alt="No Access"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Vanessa B. Beauchamp<a href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot#cor1"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>3</span></a> and Stephanie M. Koontz<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Christine Suss and Chad Hawkins, <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>DEVELOP Internship Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Kerrie L. Kyde<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Heritage Service, 11960 Clopper Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>John L. Schnase<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Office of Computational and Information Sciences and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>3Author for correspondence, E-mail: <a href="mailto:vbeauchamp@towson.edu"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>vbeauchamp@towson.edu</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name=fn1></a><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>1Funding for this project was provided by NASA's DEVELOP Internship Program and NASA's High-End Computing Program, the Middle Patuxent Environmental Foundation, the NSF Research Experience for Teachers (RET) program, the Baltimore Excellence in STEM Teaching (BEST) Project at Towson University, the Fisher College of Science and Mathematics and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Pulling Together Initiative. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name=fn2></a><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>2Information on Oplismenus taxonomy was clarified through conversations with Mary Barkworth and Paul Peterson. We also thank our colleagues in NASA's DEVELOP Internship Program: Rachel Moore, Josh Henki, Stephanie Bates, and Ron Albright provided important contributions in the early stages of the project. We thank Roger Gill for his technical support in preparing data for the MaxEnt runs and field assistants Eric Cullings, Dana Wilson, Cody Kepner, Ken Compher, and Francis Smith for countless hours spent crawling through Oplismenus. Research facilitation and support from Robin Melton, past manager at Patapsco Valley State Park, was instrumental in the success of this project. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>A critical aspect of early-stage invasive species management is determining the niche and assessing the impact of a new species. A multi-scale strategy to predict potential habitat and impacts at the ecosystem, community and species level presents a robust, efficient, and cost effective tool for invasive species management. Regional scale maximum entropy modeling and local scale field studies were used to characterize species-environment and species-species interactions of Oplismenus undulatifolius, a recent invader in Mid-Atlantic forest understories. Oplismenus undulatifolius was first discovered in the U.S. near Baltimore, Maryland in 1996 and is currently found in 13 counties in Maryland and Virginia. At the landscape scale the USDA estimates that 30 percent of the U.S. is suitable for the establishment of O. undulatifolius. Regional scale modeling indicated that 22% of the area modeled was suitable for O. undulatifolius, with 1% highly suitable. Local scale field studies indicated that O. undulatifolius thrives at low light levels (2–11 mols m−2 day−1) across a wide range of litter depths (0–6 cm) and that light and litter depth are involved in dominance of O. undulatifolius over Microstegium vimineum. Interactions with Fagus grandifolia result in decreased O. undulatifolius cover and dominance, and areas of high O. undulatifolius cover typically have low species richness. Oplismenus undulatifolius has the ability to invade a far greater portion of the forest than M. vimineum, and more research on the community and ecosystem-level effects of this new invasive forest understory species is needed.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Received: May 16, 2013; Revised: September 8, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Keywords: <a href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Deciduous%20Forest"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>deciduous forest</span></a>, <a href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Fagus%20Grandifolia"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Fagus grandifolia</span></a>, <a href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Introduced%20Species"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>introduced species</span></a>, <a href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Maximum%20Entropy%20Modeling"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Maximum Entropy Modeling</span></a>, <a href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Microstegium%20Vimineum"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Microstegium vimineum</span></a>, <a href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Niche"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>niche</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a name="_i27"></a><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellpadding=0 style='border:none;border-top:solid #D3D4DE 1.0pt'><tr><td width=55 style='width:41.25pt;border:none;padding:9.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=icon" target="_blank"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=46 height=29 style='width:.4791in;height:.302in' id="_x0000_i1026" src="https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-animated-tick-v1.gif"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=470 style='width:352.5pt;border:none;padding:9.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:13.5pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#41424E'>Virus-free. <a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=link" target="_blank"><span style='color:#4453EA'>www.avast.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><br />
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