<html>
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<p>Kerrie Kyde has said the effect of fire on WLBG is minimal.
Since it is perennial, prescribed burns do not get intense enough
to kill the roots. <br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Regards,
Dewey Clark
Club Naturalist
Co District Manager (PA)
Potomac Appalachian Trail Club
Maryland Master Naturalist
</pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 8/11/2016 9:09 AM, Hulse, Cary
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:A188529B85DA31458F453EBF2E05670D0BF4CF0B@KX14MBX2.ad.davey-tree.com"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered
medium)">
<!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]-->
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle21
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal">Has anyone seen a response from either
forest fire or prescribed fire on basketgrass? I’m curious how
it responds to fire.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I would assume a low intensity fire this
time of year (before seed) could control it.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks <o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Cary Hulse</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Senior
Urban Forester</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">Wetland
Studies and Solutions, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:gray"><img
style="width:1.25in;height:.2083in" id="Picture_x0020_2"
src="cid:part1.2F7282C6.1167F8AB@gmail.com"
alt="Davey_TagForEmailSignitures" height="20"
width="120"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">5300
Wellington Branch Drive, Suite 100<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Gainesville,
VA 20155
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Office:
(703) 679-5600 x5715<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Direct:
(703) 679-5715</span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Cell:
(571) 436-6149</span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:chulse@wetlandstudies.com">chulse@wetlandstudies.com</a>
<span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.wetlandstudies.com/">www.wetlandstudies.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">“Helping
our clients to make trees part of the plan”</span></b><b><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> MAIPC
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>] <b>
On Behalf Of </b>Bergmann, Carole<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, August 11, 2016 9:03 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Stockschlaeder, Erin A.
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:Erin.Stockschlaeder@fairfaxcounty.gov"><Erin.Stockschlaeder@fairfaxcounty.gov></a>; Marc Imlay
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:ialm@erols.com"><ialm@erols.com></a>; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] Wavyleaf Basketgrass updates<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:19.5pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:20.25pt;background:white"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Hello Marc,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:19.5pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:20.25pt;background:white"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Here is a brief summary
of what MNCPPC Montgomery Parks is doing:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:19.5pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:20.25pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span
style="color:black">--To date, MNCPPC Montgomery Parks
has found WLBG in 11 parks, totaling 93 acres.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:19.5pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:20.25pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span
style="color:black">--It is typically found in dense forest
interior with good leaf litter, or in streams or on stream
banks.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:19.5pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:20.25pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span
style="color:black">--We’ve been able to chemically treat 21
acres, and mechanically treat 8 acres. The removal methods
we are employing include chemical for dense blankets, and
hand pulling for spot treatments. The hand pulling does seem
to be effective if all of the roots are pulled up, which is
easily accomplished since the rhizomes network through the
leaf litter.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:19.5pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:20.25pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span
style="color:black">--We are currently in the phases of
testing flame weeding these plants (applying extreme heat to
stress and wilt the plants), and the preliminary results are
promising.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:19.5pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:20.25pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span
style="color:black">--We hire contractors for chemical
management, and use Staff led volunteer projects and a good
deal of Weed Warrior volunteer time to mechanically remove
it.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:19.5pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:20.25pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span
style="color:black">--All known occurrences are tracked on a
GIS layer.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Carole<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Carole F.
Bergmann<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Forest
Ecologist/Field Botanist<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Park Planning
and Stewardship Division<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#365F91">Montgomery
Parks<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#365F91">Maryland-National
Capital Park & Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">12535 Milestone
Manor Lane<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Germantown,
Maryland 20876<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">301-962-1348<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:Carole.Bergmann@montgomeryparks.org">Carole.Bergmann@montgomeryparks.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">
MAIPC [<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Stockschlaeder, Erin A.<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, August 11, 2016 8:18 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Marc Imlay; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] Wavyleaf Basketgrass updates<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Unfortunately
WLBG has been found in a number of Fairfax County Parks,
including two natural area preserves. Volunteers are
handpulling and contractors are spraying but it keeps
popping up in different locations.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> MAIPC [<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Marc Imlay<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 10, 2016 6:00 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [MAIPC] Wavyleaf Basketgrass updates<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I
will present updates on wavyleaf basketgrass, Oplismenus
undulatifolius, on September 17, 2016, at the fall
conference of the Maryland Native Plant Society. Please
send me updates, both good and bad. For example, Ranger
Mike Ellis with M-NCPPC, has found many new major
infestations in Prince Georges County, MD. He and I have
found it abundant in upland open space habitat provided a
large amount of water is available.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Marc
Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological Control Working Group
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Conservation
Biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant
Control Coordinator.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Cell:
(301) 442-5657,
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Natural
and Historical Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">The
Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="www.pgparks.com">www.pgparks.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">The
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Published
by:
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/action/showPublisher?code=tobs"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Torrey
Botanical Society</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> <span
style="color:#1F497D">FW:
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">The
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 140(4):391-413.
2013
<br>
doi: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">http://dx.doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">An
introduction to Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem.
& Schult. (wavyleaf basketgrass), a recent invader in
Mid-Atlantic forest understories<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot#fn1"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">1,</span></a><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot#fn2"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">2</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><img
style="width:.0104in;height:.0104in"
id="Picture_x0020_4"
src="cid:part16.CA9FFF37.809E4BCB@gmail.com" alt="No
Access" height="1" border="0" width="1"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Vanessa
B. Beauchamp<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1?journalCode=tbot#cor1"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">3</span></a>
and Stephanie M. Koontz<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Department
of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD
21252<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Christine
Suss and Chad Hawkins,
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">DEVELOP
Internship Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, MD 20771<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Kerrie
L. Kyde<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Maryland
Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Heritage
Service, 11960 Clopper Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">John
L. Schnase<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Office
of Computational and Information Sciences and Technology,
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">3Author
for correspondence, E-mail:
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:vbeauchamp@towson.edu"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">vbeauchamp@towson.edu</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a moz-do-not-send="true" name="fn1"></a><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">1Funding
for this project was provided by NASA's DEVELOP Internship
Program and NASA's High-End Computing Program, the Middle
Patuxent Environmental Foundation, the NSF Research
Experience for Teachers (RET) program, the Baltimore
Excellence in STEM Teaching (BEST) Project at Towson
University, the Fisher College of Science and Mathematics
and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Pulling
Together Initiative.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a moz-do-not-send="true" name="fn2"></a><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">2Information
on Oplismenus taxonomy was clarified through conversations
with Mary Barkworth and Paul Peterson. We also thank our
colleagues in NASA's DEVELOP Internship Program: Rachel
Moore, Josh Henki, Stephanie Bates, and Ron Albright
provided important contributions in the early stages of
the project. We thank Roger Gill for his technical support
in preparing data for the MaxEnt runs and field assistants
Eric Cullings, Dana Wilson, Cody Kepner, Ken Compher, and
Francis Smith for countless hours spent crawling through
Oplismenus. Research facilitation and support from Robin
Melton, past manager at Patapsco Valley State Park, was
instrumental in the success of this project. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">A
critical aspect of early-stage invasive species management
is determining the niche and assessing the impact of a new
species. A multi-scale strategy to predict potential
habitat and impacts at the ecosystem, community and
species level presents a robust, efficient, and cost
effective tool for invasive species management. Regional
scale maximum entropy modeling and local scale field
studies were used to characterize species-environment and
species-species interactions of Oplismenus undulatifolius,
a recent invader in Mid-Atlantic forest understories.
Oplismenus undulatifolius was first discovered in the U.S.
near Baltimore, Maryland in 1996 and is currently found in
13 counties in Maryland and Virginia. At the landscape
scale the USDA estimates that 30 percent of the U.S. is
suitable for the establishment of O. undulatifolius.
Regional scale modeling indicated that 22% of the area
modeled was suitable for O. undulatifolius, with 1% highly
suitable. Local scale field studies indicated that O.
undulatifolius thrives at low light levels (2–11 mols m−2
day−1) across a wide range of litter depths (0–6 cm) and
that light and litter depth are involved in dominance of
O. undulatifolius over Microstegium vimineum. Interactions
with Fagus grandifolia result in decreased O.
undulatifolius cover and dominance, and areas of high O.
undulatifolius cover typically have low species richness.
Oplismenus undulatifolius has the ability to invade a far
greater portion of the forest than M. vimineum, and more
research on the community and ecosystem-level effects of
this new invasive forest understory species is needed.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Received:
May 16, 2013; Revised: September 8, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Keywords:
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Deciduous%20Forest"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">deciduous
forest</span></a>,
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Fagus%20Grandifolia"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Fagus
grandifolia</span></a>,
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Introduced%20Species"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">introduced
species</span></a>,
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Maximum%20Entropy%20Modeling"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Maximum
Entropy Modeling</span></a>,
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Microstegium%20Vimineum"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Microstegium
vimineum</span></a>,
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bioone.org/keyword/Niche"><span
style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">niche</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><a
moz-do-not-send="true" name="_i27"></a><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable"
style="border:none;border-top:solid #D3D4DE 1.0pt" border="1"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:41.25pt;border:none;padding:9.75pt .75pt
.75pt .75pt" width="55">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=icon"
target="_blank"><span style="border:solid
windowtext
1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none"><img
style="width:.4791in;height:.302in"
id="_x0000_i1026"
src="cid:part28.F84B38F0.2F4E04DE@gmail.com"
alt="Image removed by sender." height="29"
border="0" width="46"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:352.5pt;border:none;padding:9.0pt .75pt
.75pt .75pt" width="470">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:13.5pt"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#41424E">Virus-free.
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=link"
target="_blank">
<span style="color:#4453EA">www.avast.com</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
MAIPC mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org">MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org">http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
</body>
</html>