<html><head></head><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:16px"><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18527" dir="ltr"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18538">Generally, I think of F. japonica as found only near water or in wet areas. F</span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; font-size: 14.6667px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18539">. sachalinensis is usually found in mesic forested areas. My understanding of F<span style="font-size: 14.6667px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18591">. x bohemica</span> is that it is usually found in open fields and similar.</span><span></span></div><div></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18588"> Richard Gardner</div><div class="qtdSeparateBR" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18586"><br><br></div><div class="yahoo_quoted" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18534" style="display: block;"> <blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 5px; padding-left: 5px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18533"> <div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18532"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18531"> <div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18530"> <font size="2" face="Arial" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18540"> <hr size="1" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18939"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> "Locke, Andrea S" <lockeas@buffalostate.edu><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> Judy Fulton <jfulton5@gmail.com>; MAIPC <maipc@lists.maipc.org> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Thursday, September 8, 2016 8:13 AM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [MAIPC] Fallopia japonica<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18542"><br><div id="yiv1685423039"><style>#yiv1685423039 #yiv1685423039 --
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#yiv1685423039 </style><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18546"><div class="yiv1685423039WordSection1" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18545"><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18544"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Hi Judy,</span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18548"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18551"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18550">I too have difficultly identifying plants in photos and size is definitely difficult to determine. What I saw in the photo that led me to R. x bohemica was the presence of variably shaped leaves on the same plant, both flat/truncate and cordate. R. japonica are generally more rounded at the base, sometimes flatter, but not cordate. The larger leaves of R. sachalinensis are very large, and always cordate. I’ve included a picture from bugwood.org, for leaf comparison. Keying them out is always a good idea, especially if you’re concerned about the seed viability issue. This is just my quick and dirty method. </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_18554"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Best,</span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Andrea</span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_19178"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1473338002050_19180"><img id="yiv1685423039Picture_x0020_10" width="361" height="229" style="width:3.7604in;min-height:2.3854in;" src="cid:zGIVOduP9bR11DQXNjVU" alt="knotweed, Polygonum spp. (Polygonales: Polygonaceae) - 2137007" data-id="6225d7e3-a965-3bb0-177d-34c32177ebe0" class=""><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039yqt4573170775" id="yiv1685423039yqt98329"><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> Judy Fulton [mailto:jfulton5@gmail.com] <br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 7, 2016 4:43 PM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> Locke, Andrea S <lockeas@buffalostate.edu>; MAIPC <maipc@lists.maipc.org><br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] Fallopia japonica</span></div></div></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"> </div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal">Andrea,</div><div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;"><br clear="none">You've given me some useful information. I haven't seen Reynoutria x bohemica in the wild that I know of, but I've heard that it's hard to distinguish from R. japonica. I also find it somewhat difficult to ID plants from pictures, and the photo<tt><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">s t</span></tt>hat were sent<tt><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> t</span></tt>o me don't show much detail. My understanding is that the easiest characteristic for distinguishing among R. japonica, sachalinensis and x bohemica are the hairs along the veins on the leaf undersides, but those hairs aren't visible in the photos (see Flora of North America: <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250060601">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250060601</a> and Weakley's Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States, page 800: <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm">http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm</a>). <br clear="none"><br clear="none">I thought that the plants in the photos appeared to have leaves in the size-range for R. japonica; however, it's conceivable that they are bigger. (In the close-up photo it's hard to compare leaf size to what I assume is a 4 x 4 upright or to the boards on the deck because of foreshortening. I ended up trying to look at the leaf shadows against the boards to determine size.)<br clear="none"><br clear="none">How sure are you that the plants in the photos are Reynoutria x bohemica? What are the specific leaf size and shape characteristics that you are using to distinguish between R. japonica and x bohemica? Weakley's Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States says that R. x bohemia has "mid-branch leaf bases usually slightly cordate", whereas R. japonica has "mid-branch leaves truncate (to very broadly V-shaped)". I can make an argument that the mid-branch leaves in the close-up photo look slightly cordate, but I'm not sure, and there are plenty of similar leaf shapes online that are attributed to R. japonica. Can you recommend a key with a more definitive description that I can use in the future? I'm planning to collect samples of some knotweed near me to key it out and see whether it's japonica or x bohemica.<br clear="none"><br clear="none">Thanks again,<br clear="none">Judy<br clear="none">____________________________________________<br clear="none"><br clear="none">Judith P. Fulton<br clear="none">Consultant, University of Maryland Extension<br clear="none">Master Gardener, University of Maryland Extension<br clear="none">Chair, Maryland Invasive Species Council Subcommittee on Invasives Lists<br clear="none">410-337-3701<br clear="none"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:jfulton5@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jfulton5@gmail.com">jfulton5@gmail.com</a></div></div><div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal">On 9/6/2016 11:35 AM, Locke, Andrea S wrote:</div></div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;"><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">In addition to the methods provided, I’ve found success using stem-injection with glyphosate, especially for areas adjacent to water. My understanding is also that japanese knotweed (<i>Reynoutria japonica</i>) doesn’t produce viable seed, however giant knotweed (<i>R. sachalinensis</i>) and the hybrid bohemian knotweed <i>(R. x bohemica</i>) do. Looking at the photographs provided, this is probably bohemian, not japanese. Leaf size and shape are good characteristics to use for differentiation. In my area, bohemian is the most common knotweed, by far. </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Andrea Locke</span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">WNY PRISM Coordinator</span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">716.878.4708</span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:lockeas@buffalostate.edu" target="_blank" href="mailto:lockeas@buffalostate.edu">lockeas@buffalostate.edu</a></span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> MAIPC [<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Judy Fulton<br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Friday, September 2, 2016 12:00 PM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> MAIPC <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org"><maipc@lists.maipc.org></a><br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> [MAIPC] Fallopia japonica</span></div></div></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"> </div><div><span style="">I was recently sent the attached two photos of what looks like Fallopia japonica (aka Polygonum cuspidatum and Reynoutria japonica), which were taken in May. Apparently, the homeowners, whose property borders Back River in Baltimore County near Rock Creek Park, Maryland, are quite pleased with their decision to plant “Japanese bamboo” to reduce erosion.<br clear="none"><br clear="none">I’m concerned because Fallopia japonica can live in salt environments, such as salt marshes. I’ve been informed that the mouth of Back River is at the southern edge of the fresh water zone of the Chesapeake Bay with average salinity of 6 ppt, but salinity can range from <1 ppt to 10 ppt depending on weather conditions. I’m assuming that the pieces of rhizomes that might break off in a major storm could survive in Back River to colonize other areas, especially if the storm reduced the salinity in the river. Does anyone know if this is correct? Also, would the seeds remain viable if they were transported to another location by Back River?<br clear="none"><br clear="none">If the homeowners were convinced to remove their Fallopia japonica, what would be the best way to eradicate it so near the water? Something like Rodeo plus a non-ionic surfactant? <br clear="none"><br clear="none">Thanks for your advice. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">Judy</span></div><div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal">____________________________________________<br clear="none"><br clear="none">Judith P. Fulton<br clear="none">Consultant, University of Maryland Extension<br clear="none">Master Gardener, University of Maryland Extension<br clear="none">Chair, Maryland Invasive Species Council Subcommittee on Invasives Lists<br clear="none">410-337-3701<br clear="none"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:jfulton5@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jfulton5@gmail.com">jfulton5@gmail.com</a></div></div></blockquote></div><div class="yiv1685423039MsoNormal"> </div></div></div></div><br><div class="yqt4573170775" id="yqt09621">_______________________________________________<br clear="none">MAIPC mailing list<br clear="none"><a shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org" href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org">MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</a><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org" target="_blank">http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</a><br clear="none"></div><br><br></div> </div> </div> </blockquote> </div></div></body></html>