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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Marc,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>How big of a problem is reoccurrence of <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> from seed? It is said to have long seed dormancy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>John Ambler<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Lancaster, PA<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Marc Imlay<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, October 01, 2016 7:55 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'Richard Gardner'; 'Stephen Hiltner'<br><b>Cc:</b> maipc@lists.maipc.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] Lespedeza cuneata<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Following is how we saved important edge habitat in the 200 acre Swann Park in Charles County, MD from Sericea lespedeza. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:red'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, MAIPC Biological control working Group Conservation biologist, </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:red'>Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator. </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:red'><a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com" target="_blank"><b><span style='color:red;text-decoration:none'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></b></a></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:red'><a href="tel:%28301%29%20442-5657" target="_blank"><span style='color:blue'>(301) 442-5657</span></a> cell Natural and Historical Resources Division The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Method. Pull by the roots in very wet soil gently using 4 prong <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>spading forks to first loosen the roots and raise the plant <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>perceptively. Intermingled Narrow Leaf Mountain Mint in bloom<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>was seen rescued there as a great morale booster. Bag as<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It re-roots when left on the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Back pack spray larger mono-cultural patches with 2% <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>glyphosate and avoid native plants. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>-----Original Message-----<br>From: MAIPC [<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>] On Behalf Of Richard Gardner<br>Sent: Friday, September 30, 2016 12:39 PM<br>To: Richard Gardner <<a href="mailto:rtgardner3@yahoo.com">rtgardner3@yahoo.com</a>>; Stephen Hiltner <<a href="mailto:stevehiltner@gmail.com">stevehiltner@gmail.com</a>><br>Cc: <a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a><br>Subject: Re: [MAIPC] Lespedeza cuneata<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Thanks! Anytime anyone wants a tour of this area, I walk in SGL 110 several times a week. I see everything mentioned in the article and more. Tracks and scat are meaningless indicators as there is still extensive undisturbed woodlands. (I saw bear scat in the middle of a road near SGL217 earlier this week - guess it means bears prefer roads as toilets so more roads need building because they make good bear toilets?) The apple and pear trees are in bad shape. Whereas, the native (non-hybridized) American chestnuts along the ridge are heavy in burrs.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>The number of PA Game Commission introduced plants in this area is huge - Autumn olive and sawtooth oak among others. Then there are all 4 species of non-native honeysuckles, Oriental bittersweet, spotted knapweed and a hybrid knapweed, phragmites australis, possibly angelica, Ailanthus altissima, garlic mustard, Japanese stilt grass, Giant knotweed and many more plants to a total of at least 30 species. A lot appear to be hitchhikers on game commission vehicles and hunter vehicles and the result of extensive logging since none of these vehicles are ever washed. The one saving grace in this area is that the Appalachian Trail runs the length of SGL 106, 110, 217 and others. This gives us a 200 yard buffer each way (400 yards total) from logging and other actions by the game commission along the Appalachian Trail.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Richard Gardner<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Our dog Sir Isaac Newton for president. Clearly, the people's choice!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>--------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>On Fri, 9/30/16, Stephen Hiltner <<a href="mailto:stevehiltner@gmail.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>stevehiltner@gmail.com</span></a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Subject: Re: [MAIPC] Lespedeza cuneata<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>To: "Richard Gardner" <<a href="mailto:rtgardner3@yahoo.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>rtgardner3@yahoo.com</span></a>><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Cc: "<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>maipc@lists.maipc.org</span></a>" <<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>maipc@lists.maipc.org</span></a>>, "John Ambler" <<a href="mailto:john.ambler@verizon.net"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>john.ambler@verizon.net</span></a>><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Date: Friday, September 30, 2016, 11:57 AM<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Found your<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>email in my spam folder. Here's a link to a 2002 Morning Call article describing the planting of Chinese bushclover (sericea lespedeza) by the Pennsylvania Game Commission. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <a href="http://articles.mcall.com/2003-11-02/features/3508485_1_lands-management-game-lands-appalachian-trail"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://articles.mcall.com/2003-11-02/features/3508485_1_lands-management-game-lands-appalachian-trail</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Dave<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Mitchell, the commission's Lehigh Valley land manager, said clover fields provide excellent forage for deer and bear and attract hordes of insects important to wild turkeys and other birds. Once planted, clover fields are also quite easy to maintain, said Mitchell, explaining that they need only be limed and fertilized once a year. Commission workers limed and fertilized more than 6,200 acres of food plots during fiscal 2002.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> During the same period, the commission mowed more than 14,000 acres of game lands to maintain high-quality grasses and legumes. One such field was clearly marked on Game Lands No. 110 with a sign sericea lespedeza, the scientific name for Chinese bush clover. This perennial legume, native to eastern Asia, is resistant to drought and insects and can grow in poor soil. It has high levels of crude protein and is an important source of winter food for deer, quail, small rodents and other animals. Its tall, bushy stalks also provide important cover and nesting habitat for species such as cottontail rabbits and quail.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>On Thu, Sep 15, 2016 at<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>7:02 AM, Richard Gardner <<a href="mailto:rtgardner3@yahoo.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>rtgardner3@yahoo.com</span></a>><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>L.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>cuneata is apparently one of the gifts of the Pennsylvania Game Commission. I have given up trying to pull it up as it is almost everywhere I walk. I heard that it was planted as "game food", but the shell of the seed is too hard to digest. So, birds can have full crops while starving to death. I am still trying to figure out why the PGC is planting apples and pears in land it controls. Neither is a native food.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> There is a large portfolio of disasters like this gifted to us by the PGC in SGL 217 just "north" of the Allentown shelter on the Appalachian Trail along the border of Lehigh and Schuylkill counties. Among these disastrous gifts are hybrid chestnuts (part of this year's<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>research) and sawtooth oak. It is an easy walk from the parking lot at the top of Blue Mountain where Blue Mountain House Road becomes Fort Franklin Road. (Last year I obliterated a perilla infestation here by pulling up all the plants I could find.) There is an upland bog in this area I can send GPS points for if anyone is interested.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> After leaf drop I will be doing a vernal pond survey along the Appalachian Trail and nearby trails from just south of Rt. 183 (Bethel Twp.) to Northkill Road (Upper Bern Twp.) My expectation is a minimum of 6 to 10 vernal ponds will be found.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> I have begun collecting burrs from native Castanea dentata (not the hybrid disasters) on trails near home. Suggestions for how to plant these are welcome. I am also in the process of doing a physiological comparison between native, hybrid and non-native chestnuts.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Richard Gardner<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Our dog Sir Isaac Newton for president. Clearly, the people's choice!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> ------------------------------ --------------<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> On Wed, 9/14/16, John Ambler <<a href="mailto:john.ambler@verizon.net"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>john.ambler@verizon.net</span></a>><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Subject: [MAIPC] Lespedeza cuneata<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> To: <a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>maipc@lists.maipc.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Date: Wednesday, September 14, 2016, 2:22 PM<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> In Lancaster County (PA)<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Central Park a series of native wildflower meadows were<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> planted some years ago with seed collected from the<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> county. In one meadow apparently Lespedeza<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> cuneata (Chinese bushclover) was included in the seed<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> mix when seed was collectedalong the Susquehanna River,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> probably at Lock 12, near Holtwood Bridge on PA372. One meadow has a large patch<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> (maybe 100x200 ft.?) of Lespedeza cuneata growing<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> vigorously among other plants. There is some spread by<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> mowing along the edge of the meadow, and it has been found<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> in two of the other meadows at some distance from the main<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> infestation.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Ideally it would<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> be controlled by cutting with brush blade in August before<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> seeds mature followed by treatment of the cut stem. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Brushing stem with glyphosate concentrate in early June when<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> the stems are easily found also is effective. However, volunteers are not<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> allowed to use power tools or herbicide. The park<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> wishes to mow the meadows for woody plant control in the<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> fall, a time that works into their schedule and the ground<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> may not be too wet. (Others recommend cutting at the<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> beginning of April to minimize damage to overwintering<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> butterflies.)<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Mowing will<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> rapidly spread the Lespedeza cuneata, which will<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> seriously degrade the meadows. Also it will favor<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> wider spread, e.g., downstream via the nearby Mill Creek (a<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> small river).<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> Could anyone<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> with experience with Lespedeza cuneata comment on its<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> invasiveness? I see from EDDMapS that there are a lot<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> of reports of it in New Jersey, so someone must be worried<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> about it there.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> John<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> AmblerLancaster,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> PA<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> -----Inline Attachment Follows-----<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> ______________________________ _________________<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> MAIPC mailing list<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <a href="http://lists.maipc.org/"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://lists.maipc.org/</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> ______________________________ _________________<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> MAIPC mailing list<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <a href="http://lists.maipc.org/"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://lists.maipc.org/</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>MAIPC mailing list<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><a href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellpadding=0 style='border:none;border-top:solid #D3D4DE 1.0pt'><tr><td width=55 style='width:41.25pt;border:none;padding:9.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><a href="https://www.avast.com/en-us/lp-safe-emailing-2270-a?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=oa-2270-a" target="_blank"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=46 height=29 id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-animated-tick-v1.gif"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=470 style='width:352.5pt;border:none;padding:9.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:13.5pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#41424E'>Virus-free. <a href="https://www.avast.com/en-us/lp-safe-emailing-2270-a?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=oa-2270-a" target="_blank"><span style='color:#4453EA'>www.avast.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>