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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Because we target the glyphosate very carefully the amount of glyphosate is about 10-20% of broadcast treatment.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext'>Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological control working Group Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator. <a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext'>(301) 442-5657 cell Natural and Historical Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext'>The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext'>From:</span></b><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext'> MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org] On Behalf Of HTI Gmail<br>Sent: Wednesday, October 18, 2017 11:07 AM<br>To: Ossi, Damien (DOEE) <damien.ossi@dc.gov>; MAIPC Listserve (maipc@lists.maipc.org) <maipc@lists.maipc.org><br>Subject: Re: [MAIPC] Glyphosate's effects on trees and soil microbia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Damien<br><br>Very prescient timing. I am just now reading "The Hidden Half of Nature" which is a good presentation of soil ecology for the layman.<br><br>I am impressed by the interaction among bacteria, fungi and plants in the rhizosphere of plant roots. The discussion of how the agrichemical culture disrupts the effectiveness of microbe ecology (reducing the beneficial microbes that consume plant exudates thus allowing the pathogenic microbes to dominate) is pretty convincing.<br><br>While this is not a definitive argument against glyphosate, it does give some credence to the premise of those concerned. <br><br>The counter argument of course is that we have used glyphosate for years to manage invasive species and the soil ecology seems to recover. Also, I would weigh the relative risks of allowing invasives to take over (with the resulting impact of THEIR exudates on the soil ecology) vs. keeping them at bay and maintaining the soil ecology that is decided that "should" be there.<br><br>I really think the issue is the long term relative risk of non treatment vs. treatment. Even if there are definitive data to demonstrate that glyphosate harms the soil ecology, what is that impact relative to allowing a monoculture of stiltgrass (or WLBG) develop? We KNOW (I think?) these invasives have extensive and long term impacts on soil ecology.<br><br>Kind of like oral contraceptives. We know there are risks associated with their use. But, those risks are minuscule compared to the risks associated with pregnancy and child birth. (used to work in maternal health).<br><br>Will follow this discussion with interest! Thanks for bringing it up.<br><br><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></pre><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Dewey Clark<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Club Naturalist<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Co-District Manager (PA)<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Potomac Appalachian Trail Club<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Maryland Master Naturalist<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>On 10/18/2017 9:17 AM, Ossi, Damien (DOEE) wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>I am trying to convince the land managers in my city (Greenbelt, MD) to start managing the invasive plants on some of their land. I am getting some pushback from a community group that says there’s proof that glyphosate will kill or damage trees and soil biota. I’ve been looking for published papers that would support of refute their arguments, but have been unable to find much. (I don’t have access to JSTOR, BioOne, etc.) <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>They are citing the following documents: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>(1) Pennsylvania Extension Service: Tree roots absorb glyphosate; it has a much longer half-life than when it is in the soil. A single glyphosate application results in ,persistent stunted leaf growth. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/use-glyphosate-with-care-near-trees" target="_blank">https://extension.psu.edu/use-glyphosate-with-care-near-trees</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>(2) Michigan Extension Service: Herbicides that touch the bark of mature, healthy trees may be absorbed by the outer bark and negatively affect the adjacent vascular tissue. <a href="http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/be_careful_where_you_spray_that_stuff" target="_blank">http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/be_careful_where_you_spray_that_stuff</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>(3) Glyphosate interferes with the ability of tree roots to absorb manganese, zinc, iron, and boron from the soil; resulting in root rot, reduced cold hardiness, and reduced drought hardiness. <a href="http://homeguides.sfgate.com/effect-glyphosate-tree-roots-29076.html" target="_blank">http://homeguides.sfgate.com/effect-glyphosate-tree-roots-29076.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Does anyone have any resources that address these issues, or is there any known comprehensive document that reviews and summarizes independent research on the effects on glyphosate in forest ecosystems?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Damien<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Damien P. Ossi</span></b><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Wildlife Biologist<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Fisheries and Wildlife Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Department of Energy & Environment<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Government of the District of Columbia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>1200 First Street NE, 5th Floor<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Washington, DC 20002<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Desk: (202) 741-0840<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Web: <a href="http://www.doee.dc.gov/">doee.dc.gov</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>MAIPC mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org">MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></pre><pre><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org">http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></pre></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br />
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