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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Damien,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I read through the articles you have links to below. It appears to me that the Penn State Extension and the Michigan State Extension articles are being mis-quoted.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:#1F497D">For the Penn State article I did not see anything that said as listed below: “Tree roots absorb glyphosate; it has a much longer half-life than when it is in the soil.” Maybe I missed it. Also, it
said for a “Mis-application,” not as quoted below: </span> <span style="color:#1F497D">A single glyphosate
<b>application</b> results in ,persistent stunted leaf growth. The entire article was concerning mis-applications and possible impacts on non-target plants and how to avoid that. If used properly these things should not be a concern.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:#1F497D">Michigan State: Even this is a mis-quote. It states below: Herbicides that touch the bark of mature, healthy trees may be absorbed by the outer bark and negatively affect the adjacent vascular tissue.
The article actually says: “Keep in mind that mature trees can potentially be harmed by triclopyr. Since poison ivy will grow up tree trunks, you may be tempted to spray the leaves and vine on the trunk. This is rarely a good idea. In some cases, the herbicide
may move through the outer bark and into the tissue the trees needs to transport water or nutrients. This can severely damage or even kill healthy, mature trees.” This is correct, the ester formulation of triclopyr can be moved through the bark of trees.
If the vine is attached to the tree it says to cut it and spray the cut surface. Even Art Gover’s fact sheet (Penn State) provides similar information on controlling woody vines:
<a href="http://plantscience.psu.edu/research/labs/weed-ecology/research/wildland-weed-management/publications/invasive-species-quicksheets/woody-vines">
http://plantscience.psu.edu/research/labs/weed-ecology/research/wildland-weed-management/publications/invasive-species-quicksheets/woody-vines</a> “However, treating all the vines on a well-developed infestation with stem treatment is challenging, or not
practical at all if the vines are wrapped around desirable trees.</span> “<span style="color:#1F497D">If you use an oil-soluble product such as 'Pathfinder II' (triclopyr), do not get the spray on the bark of desirable trees and shrubs.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:#1F497D">As for the third reference, I would have to see the actual published research papers she is quoting. In addition, the article states: “Glyphosate can significantly damage the overall health of a tree
that absorbs it into its roots.” Glyphosates binds to soil particles and has no soil activity. It is not absorbed by tree roots. However, if a trees is sprayed on the foliage with glyphosate it will translocate it to the trees roots as it is a systemic
herbicide. And yes, it can significantly damage a tree in that case.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Here is a link to a publication that may be of some assistance to you. I have used it often: Environmental Safety of Forestry Herbicides -
<a href="https://store.aces.edu/ItemDetail.aspx?ProductID=15774">https://store.aces.edu/ItemDetail.aspx?ProductID=15774</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#17365D">Hope that helps.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Brush Script MT";color:#17365D">Dave Jackson<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#17365D">David R. Jackson<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#17365D">Forest Resources Educator<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#17365D">Penn State Extension-Centre County<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#17365D">Willowbank Building, Room 322, 420 Holmes Street<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#17365D">Bellefonte, PA 16823<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:drj11@psu.edu"><span style="color:blue">drj11@psu.edu</span></a> 814-355-4897(office) 814-355-6983(fax)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Forest Resources Extension: <a href="http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources">
<span style="color:#1F497D;text-decoration:none"> </span><span style="color:blue">https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-woodlots</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Central Pennsylvania Forests: <a href="http://www.centralpaforest.blogspot.com/">
<span style="color:blue">http://www.centralpaforest.blogspot.com/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#009900">It is OK to print this e-mail. Paper is a renewable, recyclable, and biodegradable product made from trees. Growing and harvesting trees provides family-supporting
jobs for millions of Americans. Working forests are good for the environment providing wildlife habitat, clean water, and carbon storage.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"> MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Marc Imlay<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 18, 2017 6:49 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'HTI Gmail'; 'Ossi, Damien (DOEE)'; 'MAIPC Listserve'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] Glyphosate's effects on trees and soil microbia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Because we target the glyphosate very carefully the amount of glyphosate is about 10-20% of broadcast treatment.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:windowtext">Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological control working Group Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator.
<a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:windowtext">(301) 442-5657 cell Natural and Historical Resources Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:windowtext">The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From: MAIPC [<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>] On Behalf Of HTI Gmail<br>
Sent: Wednesday, October 18, 2017 11:07 AM<br>
To: Ossi, Damien (DOEE) <<a href="mailto:damien.ossi@dc.gov">damien.ossi@dc.gov</a>>; MAIPC Listserve (<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>) <<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] Glyphosate's effects on trees and soil microbia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.25in"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Damien<br>
<br>
Very prescient timing. I am just now reading "The Hidden Half of Nature" which is a good presentation of soil ecology for the layman.<br>
<br>
I am impressed by the interaction among bacteria, fungi and plants in the rhizosphere of plant roots. The discussion of how the agrichemical culture disrupts the effectiveness of microbe ecology (reducing the beneficial microbes that consume plant exudates
thus allowing the pathogenic microbes to dominate) is pretty convincing.<br>
<br>
While this is not a definitive argument against glyphosate, it does give some credence to the premise of those concerned.
<br>
<br>
The counter argument of course is that we have used glyphosate for years to manage invasive species and the soil ecology seems to recover. Also, I would weigh the relative risks of allowing invasives to take over (with the resulting impact of THEIR exudates
on the soil ecology) vs. keeping them at bay and maintaining the soil ecology that is decided that "should" be there.<br>
<br>
I really think the issue is the long term relative risk of non treatment vs. treatment. Even if there are definitive data to demonstrate that glyphosate harms the soil ecology, what is that impact relative to allowing a monoculture of stiltgrass (or WLBG)
develop? We KNOW (I think?) these invasives have extensive and long term impacts on soil ecology.<br>
<br>
Kind of like oral contraceptives. We know there are risks associated with their use. But, those risks are minuscule compared to the risks associated with pregnancy and child birth. (used to work in maternal health).<br>
<br>
Will follow this discussion with interest! Thanks for bringing it up.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Dewey Clark<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Club Naturalist<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Co-District Manager (PA)<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Potomac Appalachian Trail Club<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Maryland Master Naturalist<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">On 10/18/2017 9:17 AM, Ossi, Damien (DOEE) wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">I am trying to convince the land managers in my city (Greenbelt, MD) to start managing the invasive plants on some of their land. I am getting some pushback from a community
group that says there’s proof that glyphosate will kill or damage trees and soil biota. I’ve been looking for published papers that would support of refute their arguments, but have been unable to find much. (I don’t have access to JSTOR, BioOne, etc.)
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">They are citing the following documents:
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">(1) Pennsylvania Extension Service: Tree roots absorb glyphosate; it has a much longer half-life than when it is in the soil. A single glyphosate application results in
,persistent stunted leaf growth. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/use-glyphosate-with-care-near-trees" target="_blank">
https://extension.psu.edu/use-glyphosate-with-care-near-trees</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">(2) Michigan Extension Service: Herbicides that touch the bark of mature, healthy trees may be absorbed by the outer bark and negatively affect the adjacent vascular tissue.
<a href="http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/be_careful_where_you_spray_that_stuff" target="_blank">
http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/be_careful_where_you_spray_that_stuff</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">(3) Glyphosate interferes with the ability of tree roots to absorb manganese, zinc, iron, and boron from the soil; resulting in root rot, reduced cold hardiness, and reduced
drought hardiness. <a href="http://homeguides.sfgate.com/effect-glyphosate-tree-roots-29076.html" target="_blank">
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/effect-glyphosate-tree-roots-29076.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Does anyone have any resources that address these issues, or is there any known comprehensive document that reviews and summarizes independent research on the effects on
glyphosate in forest ecosystems?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Damien<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Damien P. Ossi<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Wildlife Biologist<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Fisheries and Wildlife Division<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Department of Energy & Environment<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Government of the District of Columbia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">1200 First Street NE, 5th Floor<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Washington, DC 20002<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Desk: (202) 741-0840<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Web:
<a href="http://www.doee.dc.gov/">doee.dc.gov</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">MAIPC mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org">MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><a href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org">http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
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