<div dir="ltr">I've definitely had to spray a lot of stiltgrass after the deer fence went up.  But I don't know how to compare those sites to before the fences since I never got the luxury of seeing them a year before.  If people do look into this, it's worth also considering the impact of invasive worms.  The worst site I treated (no fence at this one) had a lot of deer, but it also had virtually no leaf litter despite being mostly forested.<br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Jun 23, 2018 at 9:30 PM, Marc Imlay <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" target="_blank">ialm@erols.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="EN-US"><div class="m_-2242225320375768059WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Any response for Larry in addition to his two explanations? Thanks<u></u><u></u></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Marc<u></u><u></u></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">From:</span></b><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Larry Broadwell [mailto:<a href="mailto:bakpacker1@verizon.net" target="_blank">bakpacker1@verizon.net</a><wbr>] <br>Sent: Saturday, June 23, 2018 8:56 PM<br>To: Maryland Chapter Outings Committee <<a href="mailto:MD-OUTINGS-COMM@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG" target="_blank">MD-OUTINGS-COMM@LISTS.<wbr>SIERRACLUB.ORG</a>>; Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" target="_blank">ialm@erols.com</a>><br>Subject: Re: [MD-OUTINGS-COMM] FW: [MAIPC] deer exclosures and JSG<u></u><u></u></span></b></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Marc,<u></u><u></u></span></b></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">I'm not getting some of this.<u></u><u></u></span></b></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Are deer spreading JSG? Are they eating so much native grass that JSG is filling in areas formerly filled with native grass?<u></u><u></u></span></b></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></b></p></div><div id="m_-2242225320375768059yui_3_16_0_1_1529800926418_22795"><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Larry Broadwell <u></u><u></u></span></b></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p></div><div><div><div><span class=""><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">On Saturday, June 23, 2018 4:43 PM, Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" target="_blank">ialm@erols.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></b></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></span><div><div id="m_-2242225320375768059yiv3664572294"><div><div><span class=""><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom:11.0pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;background:white">Many studies have shown that when deer are present at 20/square mile or less, there is a dramatic reduction in the cases of Lyme disease. Here are some parks with this lower deer density of 20/square mile as a result of managed hunts. Can someone find out how much the reduction of deer density has resulted in reduction of Japanese Stilt grass? </span></b><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">One urgent research question is to determine if reduction of deer to the natural level of 20/square mile works as well as deer exclosures in reducing JSG.</span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;background:white">Howard County</span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in;background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.howardcountymd.gov/MPEA" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;background:white">Middle Patuxent Environmental area </span></a></span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in;background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.howardcountymd.gov/MeadowbrookPark" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;background:white">Meadowbrook Park</span></a></span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in;background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.howardcountymd.gov/SchooleyMillPark" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;background:white">Schooley Mill Park</span></a></span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in;background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.howardcountymd.gov/WesternRegionalPark" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;background:white">Western Regional Park</span><span style="color:windowtext;background:white;text-decoration:none"><br></span></a><a href="https://www.nps.gov/rocr/index.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;background:white">Rock Creek National Park</span></a><span style="background:white"> in Washington D.C. adjacent to Montgomery County<br></span><a href="https://www.nps.gov/cato/index.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;background:white">Catoctin Mountain National Park</span></a></span></b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;background:white"> in Frederick County</span><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> </span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Hi Marc - as you probably know, the Woodend Sanctuary of ANS now has a deer fence. I am on a team monitoring the unrestored meadow, which used to be infested with stlltgass. Native forbs and grasses have taken over with very little JSG to be seen. The changes are being documented - in my meadow, the restored meadow, woodlands and stream. Heartening!</span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Marney</span><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><div style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">On Jun 23, 2018, at 10:35 AM, Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" target="_blank">ialm@erols.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">In the 200 acre Swann Park in Charles County, there are 3 places where I have seen a pathogen infestation of Japanese Stilt grass. Only one of these sites has been re infested in subsequent years.<span class="m_-2242225320375768059yiv3664572294apple-converted-space"> </span>Today I transferred some of the site with an August pathogen infestation of Japanese Stilt grass that  has been re infested in subsequent years to a bad patch of JSG elsewhere in the park with similar habitat. (from the Mattawoman watershed part of Swann Park to the Pomonkey watershed component of Ruth B. Swann Park). I marked the site and will return to check it out each month.<span class="m_-2242225320375768059yiv3664572294apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div><div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Let us discuss other ideas to address control of our most difficult invasive plant to control.<span class="m_-2242225320375768059yiv3664572294apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> One urgent research question is to determine if reduction of deer to the natural level of 20/square mile works as well as deer exclosures in reducing JSG. How can we facilitate research into<span class="m_-2242225320375768059yiv3664572294apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">native<span class="m_-2242225320375768059yiv3664572294apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">host specific biological controls of JSG</span></b><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">.</span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div style="margin-right:.5in"><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#002060">Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, MAIPC Biological control working Group, <span class="m_-2242225320375768059yiv3664572294apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">MD Chapter Sierra Club Natural Places Chair. </span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#002060">Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator.<span class="m_-2242225320375768059yiv3664572294apple-converted-space"> </span><br>(301) 442-5657 cell  <a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" title="blocked::mailto:ialm@erols.com" target="_blank"><span style="color:#002060">ialm@erols.com</span></a><br>Natural and Historical Resources Division<br>The  Maryland-National   Capital   Park  and Planning Commission<br><a href="http://www.pgparks.com/" title="blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::http://www.pgparks.com/blocked::http://www.pgpa" target="_blank"><span style="color:#002060">www.pgparks.com</span></a>  </span></b><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div><div style="margin-left:34.9pt"><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div></span><div id="m_-2242225320375768059yiv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