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<div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;">to add to the complication - how to differentiate climate-related factors from simple proliferation of human-planted source sites? If fashion promotes planting of a species either in new home developments or in greater quantities than before, propagule pressure will increase. The planting decisions might be guided to some extent by climatic factors, but they might simply reflect fads and marketing.<br></span></div>
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In a message dated 1/31/2019 1:58:29 PM Eastern Standard Time, kirsten2622@comcast.net writes:
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Miscanthus is a huge problem in the rare serpentine area of Lake Roland in Baltimore County. It has spread into the park and all up and down Falls Road from one business that planted it out front. 
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<div class="yiv4497285888">Kirsten Johnson<br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none">
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<div class="yiv4497285888">On Jan 31, 2019, at 1:54 PM, Servis, Robert <<a class="yiv4497285888" href="mailto:Robert.Servis@montgomeryparks.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect">Robert.Servis@montgomeryparks.org</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I agree,<span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="yiv4497285888" style="background-color: yellow;">Miscanthus</span><span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span>has really taken off in the Mid-Atlantic area in the last few years I feel.  I’m seeing it more and more in “natural areas”(where it has obviously escaped the landscape beds), at least here in Montgomery Co., Md.<br></div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Another one that comes to mind is<span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="yiv4497285888" style="background-color: yellow;">Black Fountain</span><span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span>Grass (and/or other species of commonly landscaped “fountain grasses”).  I have started seeing this MUCH more in natural areas just in the past 3-5yrs than I had ever noticed before.   It is spreading even into maintained lawn grasses.  (I have a small patch In the corner of my yard that has come around the corner of my fence from the neighbors landscaped flowerbed<span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="yiv4497285888">☹</span>…trying to now come up with a good control for it without killing the rest of my lawn grass, or having to dig it all up by hand and have holes in the yard.</div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">*not sure if the spread of these is somewhat due to warming climates or what the true factors involved here are, but It seems that warming climates would only help the spread of these species if anything.</div>
<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I know the seeds are transported sometimes by vehicle tires, lawn mowers, in-proper disposal of yard/landscape clippings, etc.., in addition to being wind dispersed. I am seeing it a lot on open, abundantly sunny wood edges, mowed paths, and even now into the shady understory of mature forested areas.<span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"><br></span></div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Hopefully this is helpful, but I’ll try to keep thinking of others.</div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><strong class="yiv4497285888">From:</strong><span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span>MAIPC <<a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect">maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>><span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span><strong class="yiv4497285888">On Behalf Of<span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span></strong>Mark Frey<br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none"><strong class="yiv4497285888">Sent:</strong><span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span>Thursday, January 31, 2019 1:34 PM<br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none"><strong class="yiv4497285888">To:</strong><span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span>MAIPC Listserve <<a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>><br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none"><strong class="yiv4497285888">Subject:</strong><span class="yiv4497285888Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [MAIPC] Invasive plants and climate change</div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I agree about Boston ivy but the species that seem(s) to really exemplify the potential is Miscanthus spp. A huge problem in the south and becoming more so here.<br></div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">On Thu, Jan 31, 2019 at 11:11 AM MARGARET L CHATHAM <<a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:margaret.chatham@verizon.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect">margaret.chatham@verizon.net</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I agree that oriental bittersweet is a growing problem, but not that it’s an example of an exotic pest moving south-to-north. My first introduction to the idea of invasive exotic plants was fighting oriental bittersweet in Connecticut, 1978-81. At the time, I didn’t know of anyone else fighting the problem, but I called it a “take-over-the-world” plant & honed my recognition of it in its earliest, most easily pullable stages.</div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Margaret Chatham</div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">On Jan 31, 2019, at 10:53 AM, Marc Imlay <<a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect">ialm@erols.com</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 14pt;">In Maryland Oriental Bittersweet has become about 10 times more difficult to control in the last decade bas discussed at a MISAC meeting by many folks in the meeting.<span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"><br></span></span></div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><strong class="yiv4497285888"><span class="yiv4497285888" lang="EN" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: blue;">Marc Imlay, PhD<span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"><br></span></span></strong></div>
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<p class="yiv4497285888MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><strong class="yiv4497285888"><span class="yiv4497285888" lang="EN" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: blue;">Conservation biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control coordinator.<span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none">(301) 442-5657 cell  <a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:ialm@erols.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="color: #0563c1;">ialm@erols.com</span></a><br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none">Natural and Historical Resources Division<br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none">The  Maryland-National   Capital   Park  and Planning Commission</span></strong></p>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><strong class="yiv4497285888">From:</strong><span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"> </span>MAIPC <<a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple;">maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</span></a>><span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"> </span><strong class="yiv4497285888">On Behalf Of<span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"> </span></strong>Melissa Bravo<br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none"><strong class="yiv4497285888">Sent:</strong><span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"> </span>Thursday, January 31, 2019 10:48 AM<br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none"><strong class="yiv4497285888">To:</strong><span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"> </span>MAIPC Listserve (<a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple;">maipc@lists.maipc.org</span></a>) <<a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple;">maipc@lists.maipc.org</span></a>>; Ossi, Damien (DOEE) <<a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:damien.ossi@dc.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple;">damien.ossi@dc.gov</span></a>><br class="yiv4497285888" clear="none"><strong class="yiv4497285888">Subject:</strong><span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [MAIPC] Invasive plants and climate change</div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 12pt;">The Invasive Plants guide sold by StackPole is sorted climatically and I have found it a good indicator of what can transition with a few degrees of minimum maximum temperatures. But it will take longer for them to acclimate their reproductive day length cycles to be fertile  seed distributors.<br></span></div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Melissa A. Bravo, M.S. CCA, Agronomist<span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"><br></span></span></div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Meadow Lake Farm Consulting Services 814-574-4067 /<span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:bravomelissa@yahoo.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple;">bravomelissa@yahoo.com</span></a><br></span></div>
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<div class="yiv4497285888" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;">On Thursday, January 31, 2019, 10:10:44 AM EST, Ossi, Damien (DOEE) <<a class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" href="mailto:damien.ossi@dc.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" shape="rect"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="color: purple;">damien.ossi@dc.gov</span></a>> wrote:<span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"><br></span></span></div>
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<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;">Question:  What, if any, invasive plant species appear to be spreading into the mid-Atlantic due to climate change?  I know there’s been talk of southern magnolia and other species that are native to just south of here starting to naturalize in our area, but I’m more interested exotic invasives. <span class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;">What invasive plants are common in southern Virginia or northern North Carolina that we just don’t have in our area, but could move here with warmer climates?</span></p>
<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;">Thanks,</span></p>
<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;">Damien</span></p>
<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><strong class="yiv4497285888"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;">Damien P. Ossi</span></strong></p>
<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;">Wildlife Biologist</span></p>
<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;">Fisheries and Wildlife Division</span></p>
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<p class="yiv4497285888gmail-m3563275228062924958ydp830dca7ayiv5853458367msonormal" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="yiv4497285888" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #26282a;">Washington, DC 20002</span></p>
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