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Hi!</div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important">Many plants make flowers that never produce seeds, but we did find many that had tons of seeds. </span>We tried to germinate seeds
and it didn't work at all. I also have no experience finding seedlings in nature though we saw tons of seeds on some plants. I'm not aware of others that have been able to grow them from seeds, but I haven't looked very hard.</div>
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I'm sure that probably the hybrids (between R. japonica and R. sachilinensis originally, but now called R. x bohemica) can make a ton of pollen (our R. japonica is only female), but they have also plenty of resources, they don't need a reason to make pollen
or seeds. Thinking "it would not be worth it to the plant ecologically speaking to bother producing seeds if not for some season where it would be beneficial" is ignoring the reality of the plant. There's no reason not to make seeds and pollen even if almost
all of them are not successful. It seems spread by rhizome works REALLY well, AND they are not limited by resources so can be truly wasteful in terms of producing pollen and seed. If only some small fraction is ever successful it can have hardly any or even
no benefit when the plant is so successful at clonal spread. In essence, it doesn't have to be efficient. They make pollen and seeds because they can. Maybe sometimes it could be evolutionarily beneficial, but probably not required.</div>
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Does that make sense?</div>
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<div class="PlainText">Christina Richards, Ph.D.</div>
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<div>MOPGA-GRI scholar<br>
University of Tübingen<br>
Plant Evolutionary Ecology group<br>
Auf der Morgenstelle 5<br>
D-72076 Tübingen</div>
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<div>Associate professor</div>
<div>University of South Florida</div>
Department of Integrative Biology<br>
4202 East Fowler Avenue SCA 127<br>
NES 107 (shipping)<br>
Tampa, FL 33620<br>
(813)974-5090<br>
(813)974-3263 FAX<br>
<a href="http://www.ecologicalepigenetics.com">http://www.ecologicalepigenetics.com</a></div>
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<div class="PlainText">Twitter: @EcolEpig</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Melissa Bravo <bravomelissa@yahoo.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 9, 2019 1:17 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> MAIPC Listserve; Richards, Christina; Muth, Norris (MUTH)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] [External] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed</font>
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<div>? I see pollen production on knotweed at my place, the bees love it. And I've always seen seed pods - so it would not be worth it to the plant ecologically speaking to bother producing seeds if not for some season where it would be beneficial - - seasonal
triggers often do not get captured in one year, two year small site studies.. </div>
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<div>but I did not read the article... just two -centencing- here lol. </div>
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<div>Melissa A. Bravo, M.S. CCA, Agronomist </div>
<div>Meadow Lake Farm Consulting Services 814-574-4067 / bravomelissa@yahoo.com </div>
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<div>On Thursday, May 9, 2019, 12:50:22 PM EDT, Muth, Norris (MUTH) <MUTH@juniata.edu> wrote:
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<div style="direction:ltr">There’s some knotweed hybridization which implies at least pollen production - and quite likely seed production. But the lack of genetic variability argues for clonal spread only. It’s sort of a similar story to Phragmites australis.
Christina Richards - cited in the article - would likely know for sure.</div>
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<div style="direction:ltr">What do you say Dr. Richards? Viable seed production at all?</div>
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<div style="direction:ltr">Norris Z. Muth, Ph.D. </div>
<div style="direction:ltr">(he/him/his)</div>
<div style="direction:ltr">Juniata College</div>
<div style="direction:ltr">muthlab.org</div>
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<div id="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433divRplyFwdMsg"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> MAIPC <maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org> on behalf of Rohrbaugh, Andrew <anrohrbaug@pa.gov><br clear="none">
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 9, 2019 11:53 AM<br clear="none">
<b>To:</b> MAIPC Listserve<br clear="none">
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] [External] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed </font>
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I don’t think there’s much evidence of seed production, although I recall someone studying the genetics of knotweed- Norris, do you recall that study?</span></p>
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Knotweed is difficult to kill, but there’s some tricks to it (mowing it down first, letting it regrow, then spraying it)… and you have to keep after the patches. It’s got a really
strong root system, and once it gets started in a disturbed area (due to a root fragment moving in during disturbance) subsequent disturbances make it hard to get other species established.</span></p>
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Andrew Rohrbaugh</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> | Botanist</span></p>
<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Pennsylvania Department of Conservation & Natural Resources<br clear="none">
Bureau of Forestry | Ecological Services Section</span></p>
<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">PO Box 8552, 400 Market St, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552<br clear="none">
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Phone:</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> 717.705.2823 |
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>frazmo<br clear="none">
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 09, 2019 11:41 AM<br clear="none">
<b>To:</b> MAIPC Listserve <maipc@lists.maipc.org><br clear="none">
<b>Subject:</b> [External] [MAIPC] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed</span></p>
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal">Read this article if you want to experience real terror...</p>
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal"><a shape="rect" href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Ftechnology%2F2019%2F05%2Fjapanese-knotweed-invasive-plants.html&data=02%7C01%7Cclr%40usf.edu%7C087f62fd4f204f018c4908d6d4a23ff7%7C741bf7dee2e546df8d6782607df9deaa%7C0%7C0%7C636930190653737646&sdata=Rf5sWACcjnFqyqPNHrYaWnXaKatTtjbutf7tCzti4jk%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://slate.com/technology/2019/05/japanese-knotweed-invasive-plants.html" shash="jiSdSpINcYqaxCpPQc0Q1lMB9Wgs+RKDZXkW7hkjzzTR4fQLjONfl1RMO/sXuLFZdiAqFv3j0h8EWNH1piRQM5EG8T7h8Gb2CE8cMZ+h7XZTbES7zoJ2Sih6jeUCHEhV9majfE1/nKxksf9s7mYeOL8MlvD9lZ5QlEvOYqBcBUw=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://slate.com/technology/2019/05/japanese-knotweed-invasive-plants.html</a></p>
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal">And two questions for possible discussion:</p>
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal">1. Do MAIPC listserv readers find JK as hard to kill as described in the article?</p>
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal">2. I have seen isolated plants come up in some odd places. Does anyone know whether there is any evidence of JK spreading by seeds in our mid-Atlantic area?</p>
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<p class="x_ydp5eb9d596yiv8022636433MsoNormal">Cheers, Steve Young, Arlington VA volunteer</p>
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