<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">It was never, in my experience, a challenge to find knotweed producing seed in Massachusetts, typically with high germinability. It was so easy, in fact, that I was skeptical of the UK studies til I actually went to England and met with John Bailey (sorry John, if you ever see this :-)). We have a fair mix of <i>japonica</i> and x <i>bohemica</i> in our state, with very scattered <i>sachalinensis</i>.<br></div><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div>Those interested may want to read:</div><div><h1 class="gmail-article-title" style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:5px 0px 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;line-height:32px;font-family:"noto sans",Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:22px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(51,51,51);clear:both">Viability, Growth, and Fertility of Knotweed Cytotypes in North America</h1></div><div>(Gammon et al. 2010)</div><div><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/invasive-plant-science-and-management/article/viability-growth-and-fertility-of-knotweed-cytotypes-in-north-america/712212E56023139A6EBF81747D4B229C">https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/invasive-plant-science-and-management/article/viability-growth-and-fertility-of-knotweed-cytotypes-in-north-america/712212E56023139A6EBF81747D4B229C</a> <br></div></div><div><br></div><div><h2 class="gmail-citation__title" style="box-sizing:border-box;margin:10px 0px 15px;font-size:1.375rem;line-height:30px;color:rgb(28,29,30);font-family:"Open Sans",icomoon,sans-serif">Sexual reproduction in the invasive species <i style="box-sizing:border-box">Fallopia japonica</i>(Polygonaceae)</h2></div><div>(Forman and Kesseli, 2003)</div><div><a href="https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3732/ajb.90.4.586">https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3732/ajb.90.4.586</a> <br></div><div><br></div>- Jenn<div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr">********************************************************************<br>Jennifer Forman Orth, Ph.D.<br>Environmental Biologist<br><a href="http://www.knottybits.com/" target="_blank">http://www.KnottyBits.com</a><br>********************************************************************</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, May 10, 2019 at 8:24 AM Young, Steve (DEC) <<a href="mailto:steve.young@dec.ny.gov">steve.young@dec.ny.gov</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">There needs to be a lot more study of what is going on with male and female plants of knotweed. There are many instances of larger male plants growing right next to smaller female plants and some say that they are male and female of Reynoutria japonica and others say they are R. japonica and R. x bohemica. Why would R. x bohemica grow right next to japonica so often? The articles on genetic work in the northeast are lacking and, in my opinion, the whole fertile vs. infertile question needs more study before we can say just what is going on. <br>
<br>
Steve Young<br>
Chief Botanist<br>
NY Natural Heritage Program<br>
<br>
<br>
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Today's Topics:<br>
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1. Re: [External] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed<br>
(Richards, Christina)<br>
<br>
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Message: 1<br>
Date: Thu, 9 May 2019 21:28:55 +0000<br>
From: "Richards, Christina" <<a href="mailto:clr@usf.edu" target="_blank">clr@usf.edu</a>><br>
To: "Muth, Norris (MUTH)" <<a href="mailto:MUTH@juniata.edu" target="_blank">MUTH@juniata.edu</a>>, MAIPC Listserve<br>
<<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] [External] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed<br>
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<br>
Could be. But since its female it could also be pollinated by the hybrid R x bohemica.<br>
<br>
Christina Richards, Ph.D.<br>
MOPGA-GRI scholar<br>
University of T?bingen<br>
Plant Evolutionary Ecology group<br>
Auf der Morgenstelle 5<br>
D-72076 T?bingen<br>
<br>
Associate professor<br>
University of South Florida<br>
Department of Integrative Biology<br>
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From: Muth, Norris (MUTH) <<a href="mailto:MUTH@juniata.edu" target="_blank">MUTH@juniata.edu</a>><br>
Sent: Thursday, May 9, 2019 5:16 PM<br>
To: Richards, Christina; MAIPC Listserve<br>
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] [External] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed<br>
<br>
Makes sense. I?ve seen Norway maples produce pounds and pounds of sterile fruits.<br>
<br>
If the major knotweed clone is female but produces lots of seed (at least occasionally) - is it likely that the seed is produced by apomixis?<br>
<br>
?<br>
Norris Z. Muth, Ph.D.<br>
(he/him/his)<br>
Juniata College<br>
<a href="http://muthlab.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">muthlab.org</a><br>
<br>
________________________________<br>
From: Richards, Christina <<a href="mailto:clr@usf.edu" target="_blank">clr@usf.edu</a>><br>
Sent: Thursday, May 9, 2019 4:15 PM<br>
To: MAIPC Listserve; Muth, Norris (MUTH); Melissa Bravo<br>
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] [External] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed<br>
<br>
Hi!<br>
<br>
Many plants make flowers that never produce seeds, but we did find many that had tons of seeds. We tried to germinate seeds and it didn't work at all. I also have no experience finding seedlings in nature though we saw tons of seeds on some plants. I'm not aware of others that have been able to grow them from seeds, but I haven't looked very hard.<br>
<br>
I'm sure that probably the hybrids (between R. japonica and R. sachilinensis originally, but now called R. x bohemica) can make a ton of pollen (our R. japonica is only female), but they have also plenty of resources, they don't need a reason to make pollen or seeds. Thinking "it would not be worth it to the plant ecologically speaking to bother producing seeds if not for some season where it would be beneficial" is ignoring the reality of the plant. There's no reason not to make seeds and pollen even if almost all of them are not successful. It seems spread by rhizome works REALLY well, AND they are not limited by resources so can be truly wasteful in terms of producing pollen and seed. If only some small fraction is ever successful it can have hardly any or even no benefit when the plant is so successful at clonal spread. In essence, it doesn't have to be efficient. They make pollen and seeds because they can. Maybe sometimes it could be evolutionarily beneficial, but probably not<br>
required.<br>
<br>
Does that make sense?<br>
<br>
Christina Richards, Ph.D.<br>
MOPGA-GRI scholar<br>
University of T?bingen<br>
Plant Evolutionary Ecology group<br>
Auf der Morgenstelle 5<br>
D-72076 T?bingen<br>
<br>
Associate professor<br>
University of South Florida<br>
Department of Integrative Biology<br>
4202 East Fowler Avenue SCA 127<br>
NES 107 (shipping)<br>
Tampa, FL 33620<br>
(813)974-5090<br>
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From: Melissa Bravo <<a href="mailto:bravomelissa@yahoo.com" target="_blank">bravomelissa@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Sent: Thursday, May 9, 2019 1:17 PM<br>
To: MAIPC Listserve; Richards, Christina; Muth, Norris (MUTH)<br>
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] [External] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed<br>
<br>
? I see pollen production on knotweed at my place, the bees love it. And I've always seen seed pods - so it would not be worth it to the plant ecologically speaking to bother producing seeds if not for some season where it would be beneficial - - seasonal triggers often do not get captured in one year, two year small site studies..<br>
<br>
but I did not read the article... just two -centencing- here lol.<br>
<br>
Melissa A. Bravo, M.S. CCA, Agronomist<br>
Meadow Lake Farm Consulting Services 814-574-4067 / <a href="mailto:bravomelissa@yahoo.com" target="_blank">bravomelissa@yahoo.com</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On Thursday, May 9, 2019, 12:50:22 PM EDT, Muth, Norris (MUTH) <<a href="mailto:MUTH@juniata.edu" target="_blank">MUTH@juniata.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
<br>
There?s some knotweed hybridization which implies at least pollen production - and quite likely seed production. But the lack of genetic variability argues for clonal spread only. It?s sort of a similar story to Phragmites australis. Christina Richards - cited in the article - would likely know for sure.<br>
<br>
What do you say Dr. Richards? Viable seed production at all?<br>
<br>
?<br>
Norris Z. Muth, Ph.D.<br>
(he/him/his)<br>
Juniata College<br>
<a href="http://muthlab.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">muthlab.org</a><br>
<br>
________________________________<br>
From: MAIPC <<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank">maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>> on behalf of Rohrbaugh, Andrew <<a href="mailto:anrohrbaug@pa.gov" target="_blank">anrohrbaug@pa.gov</a>><br>
Sent: Thursday, May 9, 2019 11:53 AM<br>
To: MAIPC Listserve<br>
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] [External] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed<br>
<br>
<br>
I don?t think there?s much evidence of seed production, although I recall someone studying the genetics of knotweed- Norris, do you recall that study?<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Knotweed is difficult to kill, but there?s some tricks to it (mowing it down first, letting it regrow, then spraying it)? and you have to keep after the patches. It?s got a really strong root system, and once it gets started in a disturbed area (due to a root fragment moving in during disturbance) subsequent disturbances make it hard to get other species established.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Andrew Rohrbaugh | Botanist<br>
<br>
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation & Natural Resources<br>
Bureau of Forestry | Ecological Services Section<br>
<br>
PO Box 8552, 400 Market St, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552<br>
Phone: 717.705.2823 | Fax: 717.772.0271<br>
<a href="mailto:anrohrbaug@pa.gov" target="_blank">anrohrbaug@pa.gov</a><br>
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From: MAIPC [mailto:<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank">maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>] On Behalf Of frazmo<br>
Sent: Thursday, May 09, 2019 11:41 AM<br>
To: MAIPC Listserve <<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>><br>
Subject: [External] [MAIPC] Slate Article on Japanese Knotweed<br>
<br>
<br>
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<br>
Read this article if you want to experience real terror...<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://slate.com/technology/2019/05/japanese-knotweed-invasive-plants.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://slate.com/technology/2019/05/japanese-knotweed-invasive-plants.html</a><<a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Ftechnology%2F2019%2F05%2Fjapanese-knotweed-invasive-plants.html&data=02%7C01%7Cclr%40usf.edu%7Ccd77e3c5bb484f09d3c408d6d4c3b943%7C741bf7dee2e546df8d6782607df9deaa%7C0%7C0%7C636930334425920929&sdata=5gm9hKr0z%2FGlm3eeqHGQh5kp%2BVUD%2FmvSbR06R%2BB77q8%3D&reserved=0" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Ftechnology%2F2019%2F05%2Fjapanese-knotweed-invasive-plants.html&data=02%7C01%7Cclr%40usf.edu%7Ccd77e3c5bb484f09d3c408d6d4c3b943%7C741bf7dee2e546df8d6782607df9deaa%7C0%7C0%7C636930334425920929&sdata=5gm9hKr0z%2FGlm3eeqHGQh5kp%2BVUD%2FmvSbR06R%2BB77q8%3D&reserved=0</a>><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
And two questions for possible discussion:<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
1. Do MAIPC listserv readers find JK as hard to kill as described in the article?<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
2. I have seen isolated plants come up in some odd places. Does anyone know whether there is any evidence of JK spreading by seeds in our mid-Atlantic area?<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Cheers, Steve Young, Arlington VA volunteer<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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