<div dir="ltr">Thank you for starting this discussion, as I agree it is important to have "boots on the ground" to see what insects now recognize novel host plants as a food source over short evolutionary time periods. I can share what little I've learned from my PhD work below: <div><br></div><div>From 2015-2016, I sampled in four states (DE, MD, PA, NY) of the Mid-Atlantic to compare arthropod communities on native and non-native plants, which includes porcelainberry, Japanese knotweed, Callery/Bradford pear, multiflora rose, Japanese stiltgrass, autumn olive, orchardgrass, and the bush honeysuckles. For those interested in learning more, the dissertation has been published by the University of Delaware and is available on their website. </div><div><br></div><div>In general, nonnative plants had fewer insect herbivores than native plants, so no surprises there. What insects that were present on nonnative plants either shared a native home range with the plant (insects from Asia on plants from Asia, insects from Europe feeding on plants from Europe, etc.), or native insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts (leafhoppers) that we hypothesized could circumvent the defenses of many plants better than insects with chewing mouthparts. These insects feed on many plant hosts in different families and may just be responding to an available food source. This does not include the large abundance of nonnative slugs I found at the nonnative sites, although I did not observe feeding during my study. </div><div><br></div><div>For porcelainberry, I have seen species whose primary plant host is grape (certain leafhoppers, many caterpillars) accept leaves of porcelainberry as a food source, and some are capable of vectoring diseases that affect grape. I do not think porcelainberry would be affected by the same pathogens as grape would, nor do I think the insects feeding on porcelainberry favor the nonnative over native grape, but if turns out otherwise, this might be worth investigating, particularly if porcelainberry serves as a refuge for insect pests for wineries. </div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Jul 2, 2019 at 1:22 PM Imlay, Marc <<a href="mailto:Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com">Marc.Imlay@pgparks.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Surveying for native biological controls has two approaches that have worked very well.<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-2437737109787908815MsoListParagraph"><u></u><b><span style="font-size:14pt"><span>1.<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><u></u><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Search at the far end of the range of the invasive plant species. The native insect/fungus bio controls for Multiflora Rose and Tree of Heaven popped up when MFR moved to the middle of the
America and Ailanthus to the deep south central. <u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-2437737109787908815MsoListParagraph"><u></u><b><span style="font-size:14pt"><span>2.<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><u></u><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Search near where the invasive first came to America so there has been more time for a biocontrol to evolve as may be the case for Japanese honeysuckle at Heritage Island which was brought
over by Thomas Jefferson.<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">For Porcelain berry, for example, look at
<a href="https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AMBR7" target="_blank">https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AMBR7</a> Note the 17 states it is invasive in. So let us se if an insect of pathogen is having a major impact on it in the extreme of the range. If so
we can report it to Matt Tancos at USDA for research. Let us do the same for ground ivy, beefsteak plant, Fig buttercup, JSG, WLBG, Oriental bittersweet, garlic mustard, etc., etc.<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Marc<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">Marc Imlay, PhD, Chair, Biological Control Working Group MAIPC<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">Conservation Biologist, Park Ranger Office, Non-native Invasive Plant Control Coordinator.
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">Cell: (301) 442-5657, <a href="http://ialm@erols.com" target="_blank">
ialm@erols.com</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">Natural and Historical Resources Division<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"><a href="http://www.pgparks.com" target="_blank">www.pgparks.com</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>--------------------------------------------<br>Adam Mitchell<br>Associate Wildlife Biologist ®<br>PhD Entomology and Wildlife Ecology<br>Department of Entomology <br>and Wildlife Ecology<br>University of Delaware <br></div></div></div></div></div>