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<p class="MsoNormal">A few additional comments:<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0in" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">I have provided a link to Art Gover’s quick sheet on invasive woody vines, see below. You will note that he recommends cutting the vines by doing what he refers to as a “window cut.”
This means cutting the vines at the ground line and up a few feet in the air. This allows you to clearly see what was cut, even from a distance. This kills the vine portion that is up in the trees. Treating stumps is optional and only done if it is practical,
low numbers, large size, etc. Because, even with stump treatments you will likely still get some root sprouting, especially on a root suckering species like bittersweet and especially since by cutting the vine you removed the mechanism that would move the
herbicide to the roots, the phloem cells. You will likely need to follow-up your treatment with a late summer foliar application on re-sprouts in 2020. Treating stumps will definitely help but will likely not eliminate the need for follow-up treatments<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">You may not need to cut the vines with the treatment you are using, Garlon 4 Ultra in Basal Oil. You could simply do a basal bark treatment and spray the lower section of the stem
from the groundline up to a height of 15 inches. Of course, this treatment is not feasible if the vines are tightly twined around desirable vegetation/trees.<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">Based on research done on other root suckering species (tree of heaven and American beech) there is clear evidence that triclopyr does not move well through root systems. If you still
would like to cut the vines and treat the stumps I would recommend a glyphosate herbicide, e.g. Accord XRT II or Rodeo, mixed at a 50% concentration with water. It moves much better through root systems and will likely give you better control. Adding dye
to any treatments, basal bark or stump treatments, will help you track what you have treated and what you haven’t.<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">In my experience, pulling oriental bittersweet is only practical for small seedlings. You will likely break off roots on anything much larger and it will resprout. I recommend leaving
the plants intact and treating with a systemic herbicide in the later half of the growing season.
<o:p></o:p></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://plantscience.psu.edu/research/projects/wildland-weed-management/publications/invasive-species-quicksheets/woody-vines">https://plantscience.psu.edu/research/projects/wildland-weed-management/publications/invasive-species-quicksheets/woody-vines</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Hope that helps.<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#323E4F">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">David R. Jackson<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">Forest Resources Educator<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">Penn State Extension-Centre County<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">Willowbank Building, Room 322, 420 Holmes Street<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">Bellefonte, PA 16823<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><a href="mailto:drj11@psu.edu"><span style="color:#0563C1">drj11@psu.edu</span></a> 814-355-4897(office) 814-355-6983(fax)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Forest Resources Extension: <a href="http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources">
<span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none"> </span><span style="color:#0563C1">https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife
</span></a> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Central Pennsylvania Forests: <a href="http://www.centralpaforest.blogspot.com/">
<span style="color:#0563C1">http://www.centralpaforest.blogspot.com/</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> MAIPC <maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org> <b>On Behalf Of
</b>Marc Imlay<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, November 5, 2019 1:10 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Servis, Robert' <Robert.Servis@montgomeryparks.org>; 'Wakeford, Anne M' <Anne.M.Wakeford@wv.gov>; 'MAIPC Listserve' <maipc@lists.maipc.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] further questions about Oriental bittersweet vines<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Regarding “The closer to the ground the cut is made, the shorter the distance the herbicide will have to travel to get to the roots. This will allow the best chance for the herbicide mixture to move to the roots in its full potency and
hopefully provide you with the best results” When we cut at ground level people are at less risk of tripping over the cut stump.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> MAIPC <<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Servis, Robert<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, November 05, 2019 12:37 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Wakeford, Anne M <<a href="mailto:Anne.M.Wakeford@wv.gov">Anne.M.Wakeford@wv.gov</a>>; MAIPC Listserve (<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>) <<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] further questions about Oriental bittersweet vines<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I would caution about trying to remove all roots, especially if it is more than just a vine or two.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Often times when we significantly disturb the soil, we only make the problem worse in terms of allowing other Non-Native Invasives to get a foot hold and establish. As we know, disturbed soils are a great place for invasives to take root.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If however, the vines are small and in low quantities, hand removal is possible, making sure to get all the roots out. After doing so I would press the disturbed soil back down with your boot, leaving it as “least disturbed” as possible.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I would personally cut the vine(s) as flush/flat and close to the ground as possible and treat the still rooted, cut surface with a 25% solution of Garlon 3A if possible. (25% Garlon 3A/75% water). A drop or two of marking dye wouldn’t
hurt if you are treating multiple vines or are in a place where there may be contact by humans/pets, just so you and others can see where you have treated.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The closer to the ground the cut is made, the shorter the distance the herbicide will have to travel to get to the roots. This will allow the best chance for the herbicide mixture to move to the roots in its full potency and hopefully
provide you with the best results. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Just my thoughts. Hope its helpful. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> MAIPC <<a href="mailto:maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org">maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Wakeford, Anne M<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, November 5, 2019 12:03 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> MAIPC Listserve (<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>) <<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [MAIPC] further questions about Oriental bittersweet vines<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">From description I understand that vines need to be pulled out all the way including roots etc.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">After pulling vine undergrowth do you then need to apply herbicide to the soil to prevent regrowth?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Instead can vines be cut part way (e.g. 8-12 inches from the ground) and then herbicide applied?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I presume that pulling and getting all the roots is preferable to cutting. Please advise.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Anne <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Brush Script MT"">Anne M. Wakeford<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Brush Script MT""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Anne M. Wakeford<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Coordination Biologist<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">WV DNR Elkins Operation Center<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">PO Box 67 Ward Rd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Elkins WV 26241<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Email: <a href="mailto:Anne.M.Wakeford@wv.gov">
Anne.M.Wakeford@wv.gov</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Phone 304-637-0245 ex 2035<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Fax 304-637-0250<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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