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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> We can use Summer Azure (Celastrina neglecta) as a biocontrol for Perilla frutescens. Let us go do it!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Marc Imlay</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Natural Places Committee of the Maryland Sierra Club</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.marylandbiodiversity.com/viewSpecies.php?species=536">https://www.marylandbiodiversity.com/viewSpecies.php?species=536</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> VA-MD-DE-Bugs@yahoogroups.com <VA-MD-DE-Bugs@yahoogroups.com> <br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, October 17, 2020 12:25 AM<br><b>To:</b> VA-MD-DE-Bugs@yahoogroups.com<br><b>Cc:</b> 'Sara Tangren' <wild_terp@icloud.com>; 'Jil and Warren' <elytra@earthlink.net><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: [VA-MD-DE-Bugs] FW: biocontrol for beefsteak plant<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>All:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p><span style='text-decoration:none'> </span></o:p></span></u></p><p class=MsoNormal><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Perilla is fairly widespread and common throughout the Potomac River woodlands here in Loudoun County. I have never found it to be a problem as far as becoming alarmingly invasive, and any volunteers that get too close to my garden get yanked. It is one of the few plants on the forest floor that the deer don’t like to eat. I read that it does have some culinary use, but have not investigated further.<o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class=MsoNormal><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p><span style='text-decoration:none'> </span></o:p></span></u></p><p class=MsoNormal><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>I do know that the Summer Azure (Celastrina neglecta) larvae eat the flowers, and I’m rearing some on Perilla right now. Not enough to eradicate the plant, but apparently there is some wildlife value as relates to butterflies. I have also found a small moth larva on one of the sprigs I’ve taken in to feed my Azure larvae. I will rear it through to see what it is.<o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Harry Pavulaan<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Leesburg, VA.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Sent from <a href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=550986">Mail</a> for Windows 10<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From: </b><a href="mailto:VA-MD-DE-Bugs@yahoogroups.com">'Marc Imlay' ialm@erols.com [VA-MD-DE-Bugs]</a><br><b>Sent: </b>Tuesday, October 13, 2020 9:11 AM<br><b>To: </b><a href="mailto:VA-MD-DE-Bugs@yahoogroups.com">VA-MD-DE-Bugs@yahoogroups.com</a><br><b>Cc: </b><a href="mailto:wild_terp@icloud.com">'Sara Tangren'</a>; <a href="mailto:elytra@earthlink.net">'Jil and Warren'</a><br><b>Subject: </b>[VA-MD-DE-Bugs] FW: biocontrol for beefsteak plant<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>So how can we attract native aphids, cutworms, and spider mites to an area infested with beefsteak plant that may help control beefsteak plant? For example, is there a native milk weed to plant? Marc</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 12, 2020 7:38 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'maipc@lists.maipc.org' <<a href="mailto:maipc@lists.maipc.org">maipc@lists.maipc.org</a>>; 'INVASIVES@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU' <<a href="mailto:INVASIVES@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU">INVASIVES@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU</a>>; 'APWG' <<a href="mailto:apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org">apwg-bounces@lists.plantconservation.org</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> 'Kathleen Michels' <<a href="mailto:michelskm2016@gmail.com">michelskm2016@gmail.com</a>>; 'hans haucke' <<a href="mailto:hanshaucke@verizon.net">hanshaucke@verizon.net</a>>; 'Lily Fountain' <<a href="mailto:lily.fountain@mdsierra.org">lily.fountain@mdsierra.org</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> biocontrol for beefsteak plant<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Based on the review of pests of beefsteak Plant, Perilla frutescens, in gardens., we can be on the lookout for impacts on invasive patches by aphids, cutworms, spider mites, or fungal impacts. If you see something, say something. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Marc Imlay</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Natural Places Committee of the Maryland Sierra Club</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'><a href="https://www.hunker.com/13728855/how-to-grow-perilla-leaves"><span style='color:#0563C1'>https://www.hunker.com/13728855/how-to-grow-perilla-leaves</span></a> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:26.25pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:18.75pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:24.0pt;vertical-align:baseline'><b><span style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'>Common Pests and Other Problems for Perilla Leaves</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:21.0pt;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'>Perilla is not particularly susceptible to insect attacks, but its luscious green leaves are bound to attract some of the usual suspects.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:33.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:33.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:21.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>Aphids</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'> are the tiny creepy crawlies that congregate on the underside of the leaves and produce a sticky deposit known as honeydew. Not only does this substance ruin the leaves but it also promotes the growth of sooty mold that can spread to other leaves and may infect the whole plant. Introducing natural predators like ladybugs and mantises is one control method. You can also wash off the aphids with water or treat the plant with <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Garden-Safe-Insecticidal-Insect-Killer/dp/B000BWY6K2/ref=asc_df_B000BWY6K2/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=416926195104&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=17885515901441790033&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9032127&hvtargid=pla-871183807189&psc=1&tag=&ref=&adgrpid=97671764607&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvadid=416926195104&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=17885515901441790033&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9032127&hvtargid=pla-871183807189" target="_blank"><span style='font-family:inherit;color:#337AB7;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none'>insecticidal soap.</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:33.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:33.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:21.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>Cutworms</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'> live in the soil and attack young seedlings, often severing the stalks in half. To keep them away, make collars by cutting the bottoms out of paper coffee cups. Put one around each seedling. Remove weeds because that's where cutworms lay their eggs.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:33.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:33.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:21.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>Spider mites</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'> are a little bigger than aphids, and they suck the juices from the leaves, producing whitish spots that make the leaves unusable. As you do with aphids, you can spray these off with water or control them with insecticidal soap. <a href="https://www.amazon.com/BONIDE-PRODUCTS-127-037321001270-Repellent/dp/B000BOB7UW/ref=asc_df_B000BOB7UW/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=167116476898&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=15578251479169155502&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9032127&hvtargid=pla-311541481911&psc=1" target="_blank"><span style='font-family:inherit;color:#337AB7;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none'>Hot pepper wax</span></a> will also control them and keep away deer and rabbits as a bonus but be sure to wash the leaves well before eating them.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:26.25pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:18.75pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:24.0pt;vertical-align:baseline'><b><span style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'>Common Diseases for Perilla Leaves</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:21.0pt;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'>Because perilla likes to grow in slightly moist soil, it isn't as vulnerable to bacterial and <a href="https://www.hunker.com/13405704/antifungal-for-plants"><span style='font-family:inherit;color:#337AB7;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none'>fungal diseases</span></a> as many other plants, but occasionally, some problems may occur.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:33.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:33.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:21.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>Damping off</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'> is caused by a fungal infection and can prevent seeds from germinating or can cause young seedlings to wilt and die for seemingly no reason. It occurs when the soil is too wet or it contains too much nitrogen and the air temperature is above 68 degrees. Avoid it by refraining from overwatering or overfertilizing and provide plenty of space between seedlings so air can circulate.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:33.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:33.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>Downy mildew</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'> creates gray patches on the underside of the leaves and makes them unusable. You can also control this disease by spacing seedlings to allow air to circulate.. When you water the plants, water the roots only and avoid getting the leaves wet.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:33.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:33.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:21.0pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>Rust</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'> is caused by a number of fungal diseases, and it leaves rust-colored deposits on the leaves and stems. Remove infected plants and avoid planting in that location the following season.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:24.0pt;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#222222'>References</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline'><img border=0 width=708 height=1 style='width:7.375in;height:.0104in' id="Horizontal_x0020_Line_x0020_1" src="cid:image002.png@01D6A41B.E3FF7410"><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='vertical-align:baseline'><a href="https://www.hunker.com/user/chris_deziel"><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=120 height=120 style='width:1.25in;height:1.25in' id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D6A00E.4ED00410" alt="Chris Deziel"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;vertical-align:baseline'><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#222222'><a href="https://www.hunker.com/user/chris_deziel"><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none'>Chris Deziel</span></a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:16.5pt;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#737373'>Chris Deziel is a contractor, builder and general fix-it pro who has been active in the construction trades for 40 years. He has degrees in science and humanities and years of teaching experience. An avid craftsman and musician, Deziel began writing on home improvement topics in 2010. He worked as an expert consultant with eHow Now and Pro Referral -- a Home Depot site. A DIYer by nature, Deziel regularly shares tips and tricks for a better home and garden at <span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>Hunker.com</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='vertical-align:baseline'>Read More<a href="https://www.hunker.com/user/chris_deziel"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#222222;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none'>View Work</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><div id=DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=702 height=1 style='width:7.3125in;height:.0104in' id="Horizontal_x0020_Line_x0020_3" src="cid:image003.png@01D6A41B.E3FF7410"><o:p></o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td style='padding:0in 11.25pt 0in 6.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='color:#0563C1;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=90 height=33 style='width:.9375in;height:.3437in' id="_x0000_i1028" src="https://static.avast.com/emails/avast-mail-stamp.png" alt="Avast logo"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#3D4D5A'>This email has been checked for viruses by Avast antivirus software. <br><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus">www.avast.com</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'>__._,_.___<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style='margin-top:7.5pt' id=fromDMARC><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal>Posted by: Harry Pavulaan <<a href="mailto:harrypav@hotmail.com">harrypav@hotmail.com</a>> <o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=1 height=1 style='width:.0104in;height:.0104in' id="_x0000_i1031" src="http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=97476590/grpId=1863356/grpspId=1705065786/msgId=7907/stime=1602908679"><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div style='margin-bottom:7.5pt' id=ygrp-vital><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#F2F2F2'><b><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#333333;text-transform:uppercase'><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/VA-MD-DE-Bugs/info;_ylc=X3oDMTJlNWJobHZvBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE4NjMzNTYEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1MDY1Nzg2BHNlYwN2dGwEc2xrA3ZnaHAEc3RpbWUDMTYwMjkwODY3OQ--"><span style='text-decoration:none'>Visit Your Group</span></a></span></b><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style='margin-top:3.75pt' id=ft><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo;_ylc=X3oDMTJkOTZoNmVmBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBGdycElkAzE4NjMzNTYEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1MDY1Nzg2BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2dmcARzdGltZQMxNjAyOTA4Njc5"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=101 height=21 style='width:1.052in;height:.2187in' id="_x0000_i1032" src="https://s.yimg.com/ru/0.9.12/min/css/yahoo_en-US_f_pw_101x21.png" alt="Yahoo! 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