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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>What is latest on biocontrol for Ailanthus? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> Jil Swearingen <<a href="mailto:jilswearingen@gmail.com">jilswearingen@gmail.com</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, August 20, 2021 6:11 PM<br><b>To:</b> Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> What is latest on biocontrol for Ailanthus?<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Hi Marc,<br clear=all><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>I have these two different paragraphs on Ailanthus biocontrol. Can you help get the most current info? I'm updating it in the 6th ed of Plant Invaders book. I need this asap. We're aiming to be done by Aug 31.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:105%'><b>Biological Control-- </b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:105%'>A native soil-borne vascular wilt fungus (Verticillium nonalfalfae) and an Asian weevil (Eucryptorrhyncus brandti) are being studied for potential biological control. The Ailanthus webworm (Atteva punctella) is native from Central America to Florida, occurs in our area and may offer some assistance as a biocontrol. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:105%'><span style='color:black'>Several fungal pathogens are being investigated as potential agents for biological control for tree-of-heaven. Two of these, Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum, have been isolated from dead and dying Ailanthus trees in New York and in southern and western Virginia. Another fungal pathogen, Verticillium albo-atrum, was recently confirmed using inoculations in the lab and on canopy field trees to be the cause of Ailanthus wilt disease that killed more than 8,000 trees in south-central Pennsylvania since 2002. Research and testing are on-going and none are available at this time.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Thanks very much!<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Jil<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Jil Swearingen<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>In the Weeds Consulting<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>410-200-7085<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://in-the-weeds.com/" target="_blank">https://in-the-weeds.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Secretary, Maryland Native Plant Society<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Board, Mid-Atlantic Invasive Plant Council<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Board, Washington Biologists Field Club<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2">
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