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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Lollium multiflorum was used as a cover crop in a stream “restoration” project near my home in 2009. Not only has it persisted, but it has spread uphill for a long distance. Nothing else grows where it is <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>growing, so I think it may have allelopathic properties. The Reston Association was promised that this grass would disappear after the first year, since it is “only an annual”. But in fact it is a prolific seeder and has become invasive here. The deer of course do not eat it. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>It is even popping up in my yard, which is quite a ways uphill from the stream and about a quarter of a mile away. I would urge anyone who is doing a restoration to avoid any seed mix with this species in it. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Diana Carter<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> MAIPC <maipc-bounces@lists.maipc.org> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Stephen Hiltner<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 25, 2021 9:46 AM<br><b>To:</b> Matthew Sarver <matt@sarverecological.com><br><b>Cc:</b> MAIPC Listserve <MAIPC@lists.maipc.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [MAIPC] Using annual ryegrass in cover mixes<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>In NC, we called it rye grain, which was frequently mentioned as an alternative to annual rye. <o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Mon, Oct 25, 2021 at 9:01 AM Matthew Sarver <<a href="mailto:matt@sarverecological.com">matt@sarverecological.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Colleen,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>At high seeding rates, annual ryegrass can be detrimental to the success of a planting through competition. If you're worried about that, grain rye (Secale cereale) might be a better cover crop. Ernst has a mix that uses grain rye rather than annual ryegrass: <a href="https://www.ernstseed.com/product/native-steep-slope-mix-wgrain-rye/" target="_blank">https://www.ernstseed.com/product/native-steep-slope-mix-wgrain-rye/</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Of course, it very much depends on soils, sun exposure vs. shade, aspect, etc. I wouldn't recommend the mix above for a shady location.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Best,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Matt<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Matthew J. Sarver, BA, CERP<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Certified Senior Ecologist, Ecological Society of America <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Principal, Sarver Ecological, LLC<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>6 Walnut Ridge Rd<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Wilmington, DE 19807<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="mailto:matt@sarverecological.com" target="_blank">matt@sarverecological.com</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>(724) 689-5845<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.sarverecological.com" target="_blank">www.sarverecological.com</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=200 height=52 style='width:2.0833in;height:.5416in' id="_x0000_i1026" src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1FZZIejLCeKA9nM_xyPRJkKhAvtaUwGyX&revid=0B6QoKBwE9N6vT21PajZjM2YrVElGaUM2NGQ3b1NnTTJwRUEwPQ"><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><img border=0 width=200 height=126 style='width:2.0833in;height:1.3166in' id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1gwvlkQx3Q93UNUSq2s9UOZbvf1VdR0iW&revid=0B6QoKBwE9N6veTVubStpdzZJOHlhcHVHQzE2UlM3YzNjejhnPQ"><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Wed, Oct 20, 2021 at 6:36 PM Judy Fulton <<a href="mailto:jfulton5@gmail.com" target="_blank">jfulton5@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><p><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif'>Hi Colleen,<br><br>I don't have personal experience with growing Lolium multiflorum (aka Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum and Festuca perennis), but I do get concerned when people talk about using it because it has been mentioned as invasive or naturalizing by various sources. Here's a sampling of links:</span><o:p></o:p></p><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>CABI: <a href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/31165#tosummaryOfInvasiveness" target="_blank">https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/31165#tosummaryOfInvasiveness</a><o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>NC State Extension: <a href="https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lolium-multiflorum/" target="_blank">https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lolium-multiflorum/</a><o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>Cal-IPC: <a href="https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/festuca-perennis-profile/" target="_blank">https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/festuca-perennis-profile/</a><o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>WV: <a href="http://www.midatlanticpanel.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/WV_ISSP_2014.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.midatlanticpanel.org//wp-content/uploads/2016/04/WV_ISSP_2014.pdf</a> (pg 45)<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>Weakley's Flora of Southeastern (no judgment about invasiveness, but shown as exotic and growing uncultivated throughout the Mid-Atlantic): <a href="https://ncbg.unc.edu/research/unc-herbarium/flora-request/" target="_blank">https://ncbg.unc.edu/research/unc-herbarium/flora-request/</a><o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>USDA Agricultural Research Service (Naturalized section under Distribution tab): <a href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=22493" target="_blank">https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=22493</a><o:p></o:p></li></ul><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Because of these and other sources, I've included <span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif'>Lolium multiflorum in the Mid-Atlantic Invaders Tool (<a href="https://www.invasive.org/midatlantic/" target="_blank">https://www.invasive.org/midatlantic/</a>). Frankly, if I were doing the planting, I'd choose to go all native.<br><br>Judy</span><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>____________________________________________<br><br>Judith P. Fulton <br>EcoPlant Consulting: Native and Invasive Plants <br>Board, Maryland Native Plant Society <br>Board, Mid-Atlantic Invasive Plant Council <br>Chair, Maryland Invasive Species Council's Committee on Invasives Lists <br>Voice: 410-337-3701, Text only: 410-404-8201 <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 10/20/2021 12:43 PM, Kenny, Colleen wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Hi all,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>I'm looking at doing a warm/cool season grass mix from Ernst in an area that has a lot of exposed soil (we're very worried about erosion). The mixes have annual ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) which is not native, but apparently germinates much faster and more aggressively than the native ryegrasses. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Does anyone have experience with these? Will the ryegrass peter out in a few years? Any need to worry about it taking over too aggressively?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>I'm facing the tradeoff between need to stop erosion and desire to go all-native. If the annual rye is not detrimental it would be worth the faster germination.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>I appreciate your thoughts,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Colleen<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div id="gmail-m_3029433067778433343gmail-m_-5770747282197265732Signature"><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>Colleen Kenny</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#201F1E;background:white'>Natural Resource Manager</span><br><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#201F1E;background:white'>Upper Dublin Township at Commerce</span><span style='font-size:11.5pt;color:#201F1E'><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#201F1E;background:white'>370 Commerce Drive, Fort Washington, PA 19034</span><span style='font-size:11.5pt;color:#201F1E'><br><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#201F1E;background:white'>Email: <a href="mailto:ckenny@upperdublin.net" target="_blank">ckenny@upperdublin.net</a></span><span style='font-size:11.5pt;color:#201F1E'><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#201F1E;background:white'>Office: 215.643.1600 x3843</span><span style='font-size:11.5pt;color:#201F1E'><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#201F1E;background:white'>Cell: 267.615.3731</span> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>MAIPC mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank">MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org" target="_blank">http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal>_______________________________________________<br>MAIPC mailing list<br><a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank">MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</a><br><a href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org" target="_blank">http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</a><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote></div></div><p class=MsoNormal>_______________________________________________<br>MAIPC mailing list<br><a href="mailto:MAIPC@lists.maipc.org" target="_blank">MAIPC@lists.maipc.org</a><br><a href="http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org" target="_blank">http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org</a><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote></div></div></body></html>