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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72" style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div style='border:none;border-right:solid #6F6F6F 1.0pt;padding:0in 6.0pt 0in 0in'><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#6F6F6F;margin-right:6.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>nvasion Note<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul></div><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#6F6F6F;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-021-02670-w#article-info"><span style='color:#004B83'>Published: 15 November 2021</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#333333'>Light pollution affects invasive and native plant traits important to plant competition and herbivorous insects<o:p></o:p></span></p><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;margin-right:6.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-021-02670-w#auth-Shannon_M_-Murphy"><span style='color:#004B83'>Shannon M. Murphy</span></a>, <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;margin-right:6.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-021-02670-w#auth-Dhaval_K_-Vyas"><span style='color:#004B83'>Dhaval K. Vyas</span></a>, <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;margin-right:6.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-021-02670-w#auth-Anna_A_-Sher"><span style='color:#004B83'>Anna A. Sher</span></a> & <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;margin-right:6.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-021-02670-w#auth-Kylee-Grenis"><span style='color:#004B83'>Kylee Grenis</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#333333'><a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/10530"><i><span style='color:#004B83'>Biological Invasions</span></i></a> <b><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>volume</span> 24</b>, <span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>pages</span>599–602 (2022)<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-021-02670-w#citeas"><span style='color:#004B83'>Cite this article</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-right:solid #6F6F6F 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;margin-right:6.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;background:#FCFCFC'><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>1191 </span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#626262'>Accesses</span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></b></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;margin-right:6.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;background:#FCFCFC'><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>4 </span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#626262'>Citations</span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></b></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;margin-right:6.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;background:#FCFCFC'><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>16 </span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#626262'>Altmetric</span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></b></li></ul></div><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;margin-right:6.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-021-02670-w/metrics"><span style='color:#004B83'>Metrics<span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>details</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div style='border:none;border-bottom:solid #D5D5D5 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 6.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#333333'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#FCFCFC'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#333333'>Invasions in urban settings have been understudied in terms of how invasions are impacted by uniquely urban stressors, such as streetlights. Plant physiology and phenology are impacted by artificial light at night (ALAN), but no studies have yet examined if light pollution differentially affects native versus invasive plant species. We tested the hypothesis that ALAN affects plant traits important to plant fitness and susceptibility to herbivory and whether they differ between invasive versus native grass species. We found that aboveground production of invasive cheatgrass was >5 × greater under ALAN than any other species in any treatment, and ALAN also altered plant traits important to herbivory. This suggests that ALAN may influence the outcomes of interspecific interactions. As urbanization increases, its role in invasion biology becomes more important, especially when an urban disturbance such as ALAN benefits the growth of invasive species.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> Marc Imlay <<a href="mailto:ialm@erols.com">ialm@erols.com</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, April 30, 2023 8:36 PM<br><b>To:</b> 'michael wilpers' <<a href="mailto:wilpersm@gmail.com">wilpersm@gmail.com</a>>; 'Lily Fountain' <<a href="mailto:lily.fountain@mdsierra.org">lily.fountain@mdsierra.org</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> 'Marc Imlay' <<a href="mailto:wildmarcimlay@gmail.com">wildmarcimlay@gmail.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: light pollution<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1B1B1B;letter-spacing:.4pt'><br><span style='background:white'>“The animals that are most affected by light pollution include insects, moths, bees, fireflies, Monarch butterflies, bats, owls, rodents, zebrafish, hummingbirds, seabirds, frogs, toads, sea turtles, Atlantic salmon, etc. “<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1B1B1B;letter-spacing:.4pt;background:white'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.conservationmadesimple.org/blog/no-more-dark-skies-light-pollution-is-affecting-wildlife-in-the-ecosystem#:~:text=The%20glare%20of%20the%20artificial%20light%20confuses%20nocturnal,seabirds%2C%20frogs%2C%20toads%2C%20sea%20turtles%2C%20Atlantic%20salmon%2C%20etc."><span style='color:blue'>No More Dark Skies! Light Pollution is Affecting Wildlife in the Ecosystem - Conservation Made Simple</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div id=DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellpadding=0 style='border:none;border-top:solid #D3D4DE 1.0pt'><tr><td width=55 style='width:41.25pt;border:none;padding:9.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=46 height=29 style='width:.4791in;height:.302in' id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://s-install.avcdn.net/ipm/preview/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-animated-no-repeat-v1.gif"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=470 style='width:352.5pt;border:none;padding:9.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:13.5pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#41424E'>Virus-free.<a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><span style='color:#4453EA'>www.avast.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>