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<p class="MsoNormal">Hello,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>I am conducting a weed status assessment of black swallow-wort. One of the goals of my evaluation is to characterize the status of the plant in
<b><u>each</u></b> U.S. state where it is known to occur. Based on my literature review, this species is present from Virginia north through Maine along the Atlantic Coast. If you have seen this species, I was wondering….<o:p></o:p></p>
<p> <o:p></o:p></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0in" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1">What kinds of impacts is this plant having
<b><u>in your state</u></b> in natural, agricultural, or anthropogenic areas. If it is having multiple impacts, please describe them. I have reviewed several papers that generally describe the impacts of this species (and pale swallow-wort), but they rarely
specify which states it is having the listed impacts.<o:p></o:p></li></ol>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0in" start="2" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">Also, who in your state (if anyone) is specifically targeting this species for control/eradication and what kinds of actions are they taking (i.e., which agencies, NGOs, homeowners)? <o:p></o:p></li></ol>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0in" start="3" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3">Is there anything else about this species’ status in your state that you think would be helpful?<o:p></o:p></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I don’t need much more than a few sentences of information, but it should be based on what you have personally observed in your area.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thank you for your help,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Tony<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none">Anthony L. Koop (Plant Ecologist)<br>
Plant Pest Risk Analysis (</span><span style="mso-ligatures:none"><a href="https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/planthealth/ppq-program-overview/science-technology/plant-pra"><span style="color:#0563C1">PPRA</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none">)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none">Science and Technology</span><span style="mso-ligatures:none"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none">USDA - APHIS - PPQ</span><span style="mso-ligatures:none"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none">North Carolina State University<br>
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ligatures:none">920 Main Camus Dr., Suite #400</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ligatures:none"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;mso-ligatures:none"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none">Raleigh, NC 27606-5202<br>
<br>
Phone: (919) 855-7429<br>
Fax: (919) 855-7599<br>
Email: <a href="mailto:anthony.l.koop@aphis.usda.gov"><span style="color:blue">anthony.l.koop@aphis.usda.gov</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ligatures:none">CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE: The preceding email message contains information that may be confidential, proprietary, or legally privileged, and may constitute
non-public information. This message is intended to be conveyed only to the intended named recipient(s). If you are not an intended recipient of this message, do not read it; instead, please advise the sender by reply email, and delete this message and any
attachments. Unauthorized individuals or entities are not permitted access to this information. Any disclosure, copying, distribution or taking any action in reliance on the contents of this information, except its delivery to the sender, is strictly prohibited
and may be unlawful.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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