<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<div id="nine_body_n18e8fd-4c0cb" class="nine_body mceEditable" dir="auto" style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 1.3; color: #000000;">
<div class="nine-pg" dir="auto">I know that distinguishing Aralia spinosa (native to North American east coast) from Aralia elata (invasive in Mid Atlantic region) can be somewhat challenging in the growing season. Is anyone aware of any traits that can be
used in the winter? The prickles, buds, and leaf scars don't look obviously different to my very limited experience, but maybe someone else has observed something more closely?</div>
<div class="nine-pg" dir="auto"><br>
</div>
<div class="nine-pg" dir="auto">(I'm also guessing A. elata tends to occur in denser stands, but that's not a very reassuring way to tell them apart).</div>
<div class="nine-pg" dir="auto"><br>
</div>
<div class="nine-pg" dir="auto">Thanks! </div>
<div id="nine-sign-n18e8fd-4c0cb" class="mceEditable nine_signature" dir="auto">
<div class="nine-pg" dir="auto">
<div class="elementToProof nine-pg" dir="auto" style="color: #000000;">
<div class="nine-pg" dir="auto"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div id="Signature">
<p style="background-color: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: black;">—</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #928554;"><i>Norris Z. Muth,
</i></span><span style="color: #928554;"><i>Ph.D. </i></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #0b2453;">he/him</span></p>
<div class="nine-pg" dir="auto"><span style="color: #0b2453;">Professor of Biology, Juniata College</span></div>
<div class="nine-pg" dir="auto"><span style="color: #0b2453; background-color: white; font-weight: inherit;"><a id="OWA8794dfd6-1bf8-0f50-16b7-2c402a478181" class="OWAAutoLink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" href="http://muthlab.org/">muthlab.org</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<font size="1"><b>CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE:</b> The materials in this electronic mail transmission (including all attachments) are private and confidential and are the property of the sender. The information contained in the material is privileged and is intended
only for the use of the named addressee(s). If you are not the intended addressee, be advised that any unauthorized disclosure, copying, distribution or the taking of any action in reliance on the contents of this material is strictly prohibited. If you have
received this e-mail in error, please immediately notify the sender by replying to the e-mail, and then destroy it immediately. Thank you.</font>
</body>
</html>