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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09583157.2024.2343110">Fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum shisoi identified as a potential biological control agent of invasive Perilla frutescens in the United States: Biocontrol Science and Technology: Vol 34 , No 4 - Get Access (tandfonline.com)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:3.75pt'><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#10147E'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/author/Fulcher%2C+Michael"><span style='color:#10147E'>Michael Fulcher</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:3.75pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
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</v:shapetype><v:shape id="AutoShape_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-2901" target=""_blank"" style='width:12pt;height:12pt;visibility:visible;mso-left-percent:-10001;mso-top-percent:-10001;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:char;mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:line;mso-left-percent:-10001;mso-top-percent:-10001' o:button="t">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><span style='mso-ignore:vglayout'><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-2901" target=""_blank""><img border=0 width=16 height=16 style='width:.1666in;height:.1666in' src="cid:image002.png@01DB0DA3.8C11AAC0" title="" v:shapes="AutoShape_x0020_1"></a></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333'> &<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:3.75pt'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#10147E'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/author/Staley%2C+Christian"><span style='color:#10147E'>Christian Staley</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:15.6pt'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#666666'>Pages 375-388 | Received 20 Dec 2023, Accepted 01 Mar 2024, Published online: 18 Apr 2024<o:p></o:p></span></p><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09583157.2024.2343110" title="Cite this article"><span style='color:#10147E'>Cite this article</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2024.2343110"><span style='color:#10147E'>https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2024.2343110</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><h2 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:21.85pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#333333;font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333'>ABSTRACT</span><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></h2><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=last style='color:#333333;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><i><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Perilla frutescens</span></i><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> (L.) Britton, an annual plant in the mint family, is considered invasive in the United States where it excludes native vegetation in natural areas and can cause respiratory illness in livestock. An effective biological control agent would improve perilla management, but none have been developed or proposed. This study investigated the biocontrol potential of a fungal pathogen, <i>Colletotrichum shisoi</i>, recently found infecting perilla in North America. The growth rates and morphology of seven <i>Colletotrichum shisoi</i> isolates were recorded. A virulence assay was performed on two perilla accessions, and the number and size of foliar lesions produced were used to select a single isolate, <i>Colletotrichum shisoi</i> isolate 21-072, exhibiting consistently high virulence for further evaluation of biocontrol efficacy and host specificity. Treatment with 0.5 mL of 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> spores/mL H<sub>2</sub>O caused a 52% reduction in shoot height and 84% reduction in root length of invasive perilla seedlings compared to a control treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Seedlings treated with 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> spores/mL had a 100% mortality rate. Formulation of inoculum in a 1:1 water:oil emulsion reduced dew period requirements for causing >50% plant mortality from 48 to 24 h, but oil emulsions exhibited a mild phytotoxic effect on seedlings. Four additional perilla accessions were susceptible to <i>C. shisoi,</i> and none of 34 other species included in host range experiments developed disease symptoms following inoculation. These results suggest <i>C. shisoi</i> 21-072 could be an effective antagonist of perilla and likely poses a low risk of non-target impacts</span><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif'>.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoListParagraph><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br /><table style="border-top: 1px solid #D3D4DE;"><tr><td style="width: 55px; padding-top: 13px;"><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><img src="https://s-install.avcdn.net/ipm/preview/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-animated-no-repeat-v1.gif" alt="" width="46" height="29" style="width: 46px; height: 29px;"/></a></td><td style="width: 470px; padding-top: 12px; color: #41424e; font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Virus-free.<a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank" style="color: #4453ea;">www.avast.com</a></td></tr></table><a href="#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2" width="1" height="1"> </a></div></body></html>