[MAIPC] MAIPC Digest, Vol 55, Issue 2

Tue May 3 06:09:06 PDT 2016

Yes, during April, July, August 2015 (before the winter chill), I was in the Blue Ridge and  Appalachian trail (AT), Peaks of Otter, various areas throughout the AT. The entire forest walking area and paths were covered with Microstegium vimineum, Japanese Stilt grass. These heavily shaded, heavily forested areas are where most of the deer actually spend time -away from more public and heavy pedestrian foot paths. The deer were starving as this Japanese Stilt grass (microstegium vimineum) was not part of the their diet and the annual grass had simply taken over. So, the Odocoileus virginianus, white-tailed deer  were moving out to graze in open areas  that were dangerous for them (hunting, predators, etc.) Microstegium vimineum, an ANNUAL grass  will take over where ever it grows here in N. America as it has NO  biological controls. A heavily forested area is usually the  'safety' place for the Odocoileus virginianus. The areas such as Big Meadow did have many native plants but they were wide-open and thus the deer were forced into open areas during seasonal hunting. Deer can migrate, yes, but they must have food sources to migrate to. There were volunteer people groups to hunt for invasive plants. But, these must be conducted eyarly. The Japanese Stilt grass - Microstegium vimineum is easy to pull- requires no effort and is an annual grass. But, it grows quickly and is rampant in its invasion.  The Sika deer, cervus nippon nipplon that have naturalized in Assateague island are not under any current threat according to reports but the Stilt grass, Microstegium vimineum,  is also native to the Sika deer's point of origin, Japan, (Asia). The Sika deer species are naturalized, possibly even a new sub-species by this point - after several hundreds of years of naturalization and adaptations for food that is available locally. The Microstegium vimineum, Japanese Stilt grass also grows locally in the Tidewater Coastal Plain, and has the same rampant effects - while growing in full sun, even Sylvilagus floridanus, eastern cotton-tail rabbit will not eat it on the Coastal Plain. 

 Kathryn Peterson-Lambert

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Subject: MAIPC Digest, Vol 55, Issue 2

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Today's Topics:

   1. Re: Choosy deer choose.....natives (Stephen Hiltner)
   2. Re: Choosy deer choose.....natives (Muth, Norris  (MUTH))
   3. Re: Choosy deer choose.....natives (John Ambler)

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Message: 1
Date: Mon, 2 May 2016 17:11:50 -0400
From: Stephen Hiltner <stevehiltner at gmail.com>
To: MAIPSC listserv <maipc at lists.maipc.org>
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] Choosy deer choose.....natives
Message-ID:
	<CABrwCho6uZ=RObnG2QAgTHaxxuTvA5meutDimAcsmrphwvv=NA at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

This sentence in the article is curious: "But other invasive, introduced
plants -- Oriental bittersweet, European privet, and Morrow's honeysuckle,
and a native plant, red maple -- were highly preferred by deer."

In Princeton, NJ, the deer can often keep multiflora rose and winged
euonymus from growing back after being cut to the ground. Nice to have that
assistance. They don't appear to be interested in privet, honeysuckle or
Asian photinia.

<goog_353779904>
PrincetonNatureNotes.org
Newscompanion.com.

On Mon, May 2, 2016 at 3:34 PM, Ossi, Damien (DOEE) <damien.ossi at dc.gov>
wrote:

> Here in DC I have noticed that deer will never browse on English ivy on
> the ground, but will browse on arborescent English ivy.  There?s usually a
> distinct browse line on trees that have English ivy vines growing up them,
> and they will browse the ivy on fallen trees.  I wonder if the leaves
> become palatable when they change from the trefoil shape to the spade shape
> on arborescent, reproductive ivy?
>
>
>
> Of course, our deer?at a population density of 80/mile^2?may be pretty
> desperate for food items, but they ignore the English ivy (and periwinkle
> and wintercreeper and pachysandra and lesser celandine and honeysuckle)
> that carpets the ground in some of our natural areas.
>
>
>
> Damien
>
>
>
> *Damien P. Ossi*
>
> Wildlife Biologist
>
> Fisheries and Wildlife Division
>
> Department of Energy & Environment
>
> Government of the District of Columbia
>
> 1200 First Street NE, 5th Floor
>
> Washington, DC 20002
>
> Desk: (202) 741-0840
>
> Web: doee.dc.gov <http://www.doee.dc.gov/>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> *From:* MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces at lists.maipc.org] *On Behalf Of *Steve
> Young
> *Sent:* Monday, May 02, 2016 8:55 AM
> *To:* MAIPSC listserv
> *Cc:* Antonio DiTommaso; Kristine M Averill; Carrie Jean Brown-Lima; Dave
> Mortensen
> *Subject:* [MAIPC] Choosy deer choose.....natives
>
>
>
> Taste test? Deer preferences seem to be helping non-native invasive plants
> spread
> <http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sciencedaily/plants_animals/invasive_species/~3/4yw3dx6RKdc/160428122502.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email>
>
> Steve
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> MAIPC mailing list
> MAIPC at lists.maipc.org
> http://lists.maipc.org/listinfo.cgi/maipc-maipc.org
>
>
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Message: 2
Date: Mon, 2 May 2016 22:13:49 +0000
From: "Muth, Norris  (MUTH)" <MUTH at juniata.edu>
To: "Ossi, Damien (DOEE)" <damien.ossi at dc.gov>
Cc: MAIPSC listserv <maipc at lists.maipc.org>
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] Choosy deer choose.....natives
Message-ID: <1296A76E-D506-45D0-9C5D-F48A01894C4B at juniata.edu>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"

Might be a bit out there...but I wonder if ground vegetation is perceived by deer as more likely to contain parasites.

NZ Muth
Associate Professor of Biology
Juniata College

On May 2, 2016, at 3:34 PM, Ossi, Damien (DOEE) <damien.ossi at dc.gov<mailto:damien.ossi at dc.gov>> wrote:

Here in DC I have noticed that deer will never browse on English ivy on the ground, but will browse on arborescent English ivy.  There?s usually a distinct browse line on trees that have English ivy vines growing up them, and they will browse the ivy on fallen trees.  I wonder if the leaves become palatable when they change from the trefoil shape to the spade shape on arborescent, reproductive ivy?

Of course, our deer?at a population density of 80/mile^2?may be pretty desperate for food items, but they ignore the English ivy (and periwinkle and wintercreeper and pachysandra and lesser celandine and honeysuckle) that carpets the ground in some of our natural areas.

Damien

Damien P. Ossi
Wildlife Biologist
Fisheries and Wildlife Division
Department of Energy & Environment
Government of the District of Columbia
1200 First Street NE, 5th Floor
Washington, DC 20002
Desk: (202) 741-0840
Web: doee.dc.gov<http://www.doee.dc.gov/>

From: MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces at lists.maipc.org] On Behalf Of Steve Young
Sent: Monday, May 02, 2016 8:55 AM
To: MAIPSC listserv
Cc: Antonio DiTommaso; Kristine M Averill; Carrie Jean Brown-Lima; Dave Mortensen
Subject: [MAIPC] Choosy deer choose.....natives

Taste test? Deer preferences seem to be helping non-native invasive plants spread<http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sciencedaily/plants_animals/invasive_species/~3/4yw3dx6RKdc/160428122502.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email>
Steve

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------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Mon, 02 May 2016 21:27:53 -0400
From: "John Ambler" <john.ambler at verizon.net>
To: "'Stephen Hiltner'" <stevehiltner at gmail.com>,	"'MAIPSC listserv'"
	<maipc at lists.maipc.org>
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] Choosy deer choose.....natives
Message-ID: <000801d1a4db$04312de0$0c9389a0$@verizon.net>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

I too have seen many short multiflora shoots and small winged euonymus from deer browsing.  This was in places with high deer densities due to hunting not being allowed at a former Boys Club camp and at Lancaster County Central Park.  But there are also large plants of these species also present.

In the county park in the fall, I pull small Oriental bittersweet, privets, Amur honeysuckle, Japanese barberry, and Norway maple.  I have never seen them browsed.  The park regenerates a lot of sugar maple saplings, but I have not noticed them browsed.  I would be good to do careful browsing surveys.   Hackberry is one of the most common saplings, so it probably is not preferred browse.

In the rich woods at Tucquan Glen in Lancaster County, I see black elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) browsed to the ground every year. 

I once went on a deer density/ browsing study at Governor Dick Park, an 1100 acre forested area near Mt. Gretna, PA where deer hunting had been forbidden by deed.  The forest was very depleted of regenerating shrubs & trees due to heavy browsing.  The PA state forester doing the browsing assessment noted that Spicebush was one of the main plants browsed.  He said that it is one of the least favored browse species and indicated heavy browsing.  He said that Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium) is one of the most favored woody species for browse. 

Here is an excellent reference about deer browse preferences from United States Department of Agriculture.

http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/2014/NA-IN-02-14_WhitetailedDeerNEForestsWEB.pdf

White-tailed Deer in Northeastern Forests:  Understanding and Assessing Impacts

Here is a useful study:  http://www.deerandforests.org/resources/ratings-of-white-tailed-deer-preferences-for-woody-browse-in-indiana

They asked foresters etc. to rate trees and shrubs for deer preference and then analyzed and summarized the reports.

John Ambler

Lancaster, PA

From: MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces at lists.maipc.org] On Behalf Of Stephen Hiltner
Sent: Monday, May 02, 2016 5:12 PM
To: MAIPSC listserv
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] Choosy deer choose.....natives

This sentence in the article is curious: "But other invasive, introduced plants -- Oriental bittersweet, European privet, and Morrow's honeysuckle, and a native plant, red maple -- were highly preferred by deer." 

In Princeton, NJ, the deer can often keep multiflora rose and winged euonymus from growing back after being cut to the ground. Nice to have that assistance. They don't appear to be interested in privet, honeysuckle or Asian photinia. 

PrincetonNatureNotes.org

Newscompanion.com.

On Mon, May 2, 2016 at 3:34 PM, Ossi, Damien (DOEE) <damien.ossi at dc.gov> wrote:

Here in DC I have noticed that deer will never browse on English ivy on the ground, but will browse on arborescent English ivy.  There?s usually a distinct browse line on trees that have English ivy vines growing up them, and they will browse the ivy on fallen trees.  I wonder if the leaves become palatable when they change from the trefoil shape to the spade shape on arborescent, reproductive ivy?  

Of course, our deer?at a population density of 80/mile^2?may be pretty desperate for food items, but they ignore the English ivy (and periwinkle and wintercreeper and pachysandra and lesser celandine and honeysuckle) that carpets the ground in some of our natural areas.

Damien

Damien P. Ossi

Wildlife Biologist

Fisheries and Wildlife Division

Department of Energy & Environment

Government of the District of Columbia

1200 First Street NE, 5th Floor

Washington, DC 20002

Desk: (202) 741-0840 <tel:%28202%29%20741-0840> 

Web: doee.dc.gov <http://www.doee.dc.gov/> 

From: MAIPC [mailto:maipc-bounces at lists.maipc.org] On Behalf Of Steve Young
Sent: Monday, May 02, 2016 8:55 AM
To: MAIPSC listserv
Cc: Antonio DiTommaso; Kristine M Averill; Carrie Jean Brown-Lima; Dave Mortensen
Subject: [MAIPC] Choosy deer choose.....natives

Taste test? Deer preferences seem to be helping non-native invasive plants spread <http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sciencedaily/plants_animals/invasive_species/~3/4yw3dx6RKdc/160428122502.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email> 

Steve

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