[MAIPC] biological control of ground ivy/ gill over the ground2019

[ialm at erols.com]

I find it a major invader in natural areas that are not dense shade. There
are no lawns nearby generally. Marc

Original email:
-----------------
From: Muth, Norris  (MUTH) MUTH at juniata.edu
Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2019 16:20:00 +0000
To: maipc at lists.maipc.org
Subject: Re: [MAIPC] biological control of ground ivy/ gill over the
ground2019


Does ground ivy invade areas other than lawns and lawn-adjacent areas? I
don’t mean to suggest it would be wrong to manage something like that –
just genuinely curious if anyone sees it as problematic or interfering with
their management goals.

—
Norris Z. Muth, Ph.D.
Juniata College
muthlab.org<http://muthlab.org/>


From: MAIPC <maipc-bounces at lists.maipc.org> on behalf of Marc Imlay
<ialm at erols.com>
Date: Thursday, April 18, 2019 at 8:01 AM
To: "INVASIVES at LISTSERV.UMD.EDU" <INVASIVES at LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>,
"maipc at lists.maipc.org" <maipc at lists.maipc.org>
Subject: [MAIPC] biological control of ground ivy/ gill over the ground 2019


So what is the impact of this rust on native plants?

Marc


• Biological control- A new rust fungus, Puccinia glechomatis, that
attacks ground ivy has potential as a biocontrol for this invasive species.
The fungus forms small tan dots on the undersides of the leaves and stems.
A severe infection can cause death of a whole leaf segment or an entire
stolon and all its leaves.
https://www.invasive.org/weedcd/pdfs/wow/ground-ivy.pdf

The objective of this study was to find features in microcyclic rust fungi
(Uredinales) on wild host plants favorable for extension of the natural
range of distribution. Puccinia glechomatis, a leptosporic rust fungus and
its herbal host Glechoma hederacea (Lamiaceae), both natives to Eurasia and
introduced in North America, were used for this study. Although the host
has been known from North America since the beginning of the nineteenth
century, the rust fungus was first observed there only in recent years.
Favorable features were identified by studying the life cycle of the rust,
including nuclear conditions and seasonal characteristics as well as its
spread in North America. The life cycle was studied macroscopically by
inoculation experiments, by various light microscope techniques, and by
scanning electron microscopy. The spread of the pathogen and its host were
reconstructed by evaluating host plant herbarium specimens and databases,
literature, and field study data. The studies on P. glechomatis show that,
generally for microcyclic rust fungi, establishment and potential for
spread are based on several favorable features of both the host (e.g.,
synanthropic occurence and dispersal, genetic stability, regeneration of
vegetative plant parts) and the rust fungus (asexual reproduction/genetic
stability, homothallism, propagation with host plant, formation of both
leptospores and thick-walled teliospores).
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225333251_Life_cycle_and_life_strat
egy_features_of_Puccinia_glechomatis_Uredinales_favorable_for_extending_the_
natural_range_of_distribution

There have been no biological
control<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_control> agents introduced
by agencies such as the USDA<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDA> in North
America to help to reduce its spread. It even appears that no research has
been done on the subject of biological control agents for this
plant.[2]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glechoma_hederacea#cite_note-waggy-2
> Biological control, however, is the most ecologically effective type of
control for plants such as this that invade
woodland<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland> ecosystems, as it does not
cause destruction of valued species, or pollution, as chemical control
attempts do.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glechoma_hederacea

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