[MAIPC] FW: [Aliens-L] IAS and shipping

Mon Jun 17 04:51:44 PDT 2019

A primary tool to control non-native invasive species is transportation across borders, so I would like to share an international discussion that just occurred. Including our very own Faith Campbell. Marc

Hi Steve,

ISSG hold some data on species introduced through pathways related to shipping; of course the two primary ones are through Ballast water and as Hull fouling organisms. Let me know if you want this info. There are no details but you can refer back to journal articles

There is also WRiMS- World Register of Introduced Marine species <  <http://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/> http://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/> where pathway info is available

Best wishes

Shyama

From:  <mailto:aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz> aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz < <mailto:aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz> aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz> On Behalf Of Matt Sheehan
Sent: Thursday, 13 June 2019 5:53 PM
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Subject: Re: [Aliens-L] IAS and shipping

Hi Steve. Sparina Anglica to Australia.  I am working remotely at the moment so I don't have access to all details, and I don't know if it's introduction in ballast water is documented or just assumed. There is a paper by Ada Pringle that talks about it. I will send more information when I return on the 28th June. 

Get  <https://aka.ms/ghei36> Outlook for Android

Steve, The following plants have all been documented as introduced via ships balllast.

Many thousands more have been introduced on shipping via imported livestock, soil and assorted agricultural produce including seed, hay, straw and other feed.

Pets held by ship crews (dogs, cats, birds even insects) are common, plants are also commonly grown by crew members for a range of reasons.

Its a very long list of plants that have been introduced via shipping.

r

Taxa name

Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Børgesen

Actinocyclus normanii (W.Greg.) Hust. fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust

Aegilops ventricosa Tausch

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.

Andropogon distachyos L.

Anisantha rigida (Roth) Hyl.

Bangia atropurpurea (Roth.) C. Agardh

Biddulphia laevis Ehrenb

Bromus tectorum L. 

Bunias orientalis L.

Butomus umbellatus L.

Callitriche stagnalis Scop.

Carduus nutans L.

Carex disticha Huds.

Carex kobomugi Ohwi

Centaurea orientalis L.

Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange

Chaetoceros hohnii Graebn. & Wujek

Chroodactylon ramosum (Thwaites) Hansgirg

Coincya monensis (L.) Greuter & Burdet subsp. recurvata (All.) Leadley

Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm.

Cotula coronopifolia L.

Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam.

Cyclotella atomus Hust.

Cyclotella cryptica Reinmann, Lewin & Guillard

Cyclotella woltereckii Hustedt

Diatoma ehrenbergii Kütz.

Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC.

Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser.

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. subsp. indica

Elymus sibiricus L.

Epilobium hirsutum L.

Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.

Glaucium flavum Crantz

Gymnodinium mikimotoi Miyake & Kominami ex Oda

Hainardia cylindrica (Willd.) Greuter

Hymenomonas roseola F.Stein.

Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf

Juncus gerardii Loisel.

Lagurus ovatus L.

Lampranthus scaber (L.) N.E.Br.

Lepidium draba L.

Linaria supina (L.) Chaz.

Lotus ornithopodioides L.

Lycopus europaeus L.

Lythrum salicaria L.

Medicago glutinosa M. Bieb.

Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel.

Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.

Najas marina L.

Najas minor All.

Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv.) J.Groves

Odontella sinensis (Greville) Grunow

Olisthodiscus luteus N.Carter

Ononis natrix L.

Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E.Hubb.

Phalaris brachystachys Link

Phalaris coerulescens Desf.

Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Cosson

Pleurosigma planctonicum Cleve-Euler

Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller

Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.

Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fern. & Weatherby

Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser

Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv.

Scorpiurus vermiculatus L.

Scrophularia canina L.

Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv.

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. var. viridis

Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Greuter & Burdet

Sisymbrium altissimum L.

Sisymbrium polyceratium L.

Skeletonema potamos (C.I.Weber) Hasle.

Skeletonema subsalsum (A. Cleve) Bethge

Sphacelaria lacustris Schloesser & Blum

Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kütz) W.Krieg.

Stephanodiscus subtilis Van Goor.

Thalassiosira baltica (Grunow) Ostenfeld

Thalassiosira guillardii Hasle.

Thalassiosira lacustris (Grunow) Hasle.

Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle & Heindal

Thalassiosira punctigera (Castracane) Hasle

Thalassiosira tealata Takano

Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) G.Fryxell & Hasle

Tordylium syriacum L.

Trifolium cherleri L.

Trigonella laciniata L.

Urtica pilulifera L.

Veronica beccabunga L.

Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran & Angst

Dear Steve

Terrestrial species transported through shipping vessels as vectors would come under the Transport stowaway category, includes insects, birds, reptiles, amphibians and of course small mammals like rodents etc.

Some useful links

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-23684879

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5381868/

Regards

Shyama

Aloha Steve,

Here's a report summarizing marine IAS in HI, conclusion is that the primary vector (for invertebrates and algal species) appears to be bioufouling.  The graphic that shows source region for the non-native marine species is particularly interesting because it is global.  See https://www.cgaps.org/wp-content/uploads/Hawaii-Biofouling-Report-2014-FINAL.pdf, and here's a great resource for details on individual species http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/invertguide/index.htm

And one of the most widespread invasive marine species, Acanthophora spicifera is a documented introduction via hull fouling, see http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/algae/results3.asp?search=Acanthophora_spicifera

*****

Christy Martin
CGAPS-Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species  (a project of the Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, UH Manoa)
P.O. Box 61441   
Honolulu, HI 96839   
Cell: (808) 722-0995   
FAX: (808) 956-4710   
www.cgaps.org <http://www.cgaps.org> 

And cane toads around the Pacific - American Samoa to Western Samoa, while foxes have been recorded coming off ships in Tasmania from Victoria. Stevedores used to befriend the foxes at Port Melbourne and some were seen boarding the cargo vessels. Of course rats and mice are well known to be transported widely by ships.

Mike 

Steve,

You can probably add Asian Honey Bee and the associated Varroa Mite to your list, as they are suspected to have been introduced to northern Australia via shipping (inc yachts).

Mick

<image001.png>Mick Jeffery

Director – Far Northern Biosecurity 

Biosecurity Queensland

Department of Agriculture and Fisheries 

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T 07 4220 4185 M 0417 603 726 E mick.jeffery at daf.qld.gov.au <mailto:mick.jeffery at daf.qld.gov.au>   W www.daf.qld.gov.au <http://www.daf.qld.gov.au> 

Centre for Wet Tropics Agriculture, PO Box 20, South Johnstone, QLD 4859

Hi Steve,

This is a study we conducted on non-native invertebrates transported to Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands through ships and their cargo. Let me know if you would like the pdf

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-014-1599-2

 <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-014-1599-2> 

Pathways of alien invertebrate transfer to the Antarctic region <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-014-1599-2> 

link.springer.com

Abstract. Alien species pose an increasing threat to the biodiversity of the Antarctic region. Several alien species have established in Antarctic terrestrial communities, some representing novel functional groups such as pollinators and predators, with unknown impacts on ecosystem processes.

Hi Steve,

There have been some nice studies on this theme in Galapagos where there is a lot of evidence of invertebrate introduction via cargo ships to the islands.

Saludos

Rachel 

Rachel Atkinson

Hi Steve,

Yes, the common myna (Acridotheres tristis) has moved on shipping between Melbourne and Devonport (Tasmania) numerous times. Reports result in a high priority response from Biosecurity Tasmania, and we consider Tasmania free of the species currently.

Cheers,

Michael Noble

Program Coordinator (Invasive Species)

Biosecurity Operations Branch 

Biosecurity Tasmania

Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment

E:   <mailto:michael.noble at dpipwe.tas.gov.au> michael.noble at dpipwe.tas.gov.au   | P: 03   6478 4128 | M: 0429 960 738

Address: Stony Rise Government Offices, Rundle Rd, Stony Rise TAS 7310

Mail: PO Box 303,  Devonport TAS 7310

Keep yourself up to date on Biosecurity issues in Tasmania…

Web:  <http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/biosecurity> www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/biosecurity

Subscribe to  <http://biosecurityadvisory.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/Pages/Subscribe.aspx> Tasmanian Biosecurity Advisories

 <https://www.facebook.com/Biosecurity-Tasmania-134465243299011/> 

Biosecurity Tasmania

From: aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz <mailto:aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz>  <aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz <mailto:aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz> > On Behalf Of Souad Boudjelas
Sent: Friday, 14 June 2019 10:53 AM
To: aliens-l Mailing List <aliens-l at list.auckland.ac.nz <mailto:aliens-l at list.auckland.ac.nz> >
Subject: RE: [Aliens-L] IAS and shipping

Hi Steve

Myna birds have been observed to hitchhike on vessels to move between islands in the Pacific. 

Best wishes

Souad

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Souad Boudjelas

Programme Manager, Pacific Invasives Initiative (PII)

C/- School of Biological Sciences

University of Auckland

Private bag 92019

Auckland, New Zealand

Tel: #64 (09) 923 6805

Fax: #64 (09) 373 7042

URL:  <http://www.pacificinvasivesinitiative.org/> www.pacificinvasivesinitiative.org

From: aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz <mailto:aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz>  <aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz <mailto:aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz> > On Behalf Of Steve Cranwell
Sent: Friday, 14 June 2019 11:26 AM
To: aliens-l Mailing List <aliens-l at list.auckland.ac.nz <mailto:aliens-l at list.auckland.ac.nz> >
Subject: RE: [Aliens-L] IAS and shipping

Many thanks everyone, for the examples and apologies for my ambiguous request I now realise I missed a key word, but it’s the introduction of terrestrial invasive species by commercial shipping I’m after.

I have the Asian Gypsy Moth and Mosquito examples (as introductions to NZ) and Red Imported Fire Ant into Australia. If there are examples where the ‘ship superstructure’ is the transport mechanism (for terrestrial species) that’d be brilliant, but examples of the cargo or crew etc resulting in introductions are helpful as I’ve only found documentation linking shipping, costs and impacts for the three species listed (even though anecdotes suggest a myriad of others).

Thanks again

Steve

Hi Steve,

To add to Mike’s mention of Indian myna incursions into Tasmania, there has been a number of the past two decades attributed to commercial shipping as well as one on a commercial passenger plane. There was also a fox reported from a RO-RO vessel plus two separate cane toad - all of these were domestic / coastal shipping arriving at Devonport and Burnie ports. 

A number of Asian black spined toads were also detected in Hobart in single shipping container from Vietnam and detected post-border. 

The recent Brown marmorated stink bug incursion in Victoria was linked to imported terracotta pottery and machinery but there are a lot of examples of this pathway introducing various invertebrates as well as amphibians and reptiles.  

Craig

Craig Elliott

P2R2 Consulting

+61 477 121 151

craig at p2r2consulting.com <mailto:craig at p2r2consulting.com> 

Hi Steve,

probably more alien than invasive, but wall lizards seem to like cars and trains:

 <https://brill.com/abstract/journals/amre/40/1/article-p121_11.xml> https://brill.com/abstract/journals/amre/40/1/article-p121_11.xml

Cesar

Morning Steve

Your mention of “superstructure” of the ship (and Rachel’s mention of Galapagos) reminded me of some work done by Lazaro Roque there, showing that many insect species (not just moths) were attracted to ships’ lights in port and ended up being transported between islands (and probably from the mainland to the islands).

Cheers

Alan

Another aspect of ‘commercial shipping’ is the movement of alien species through courier and online distributors with e.g. seed material. Moving seed around carries with it a plethora of fungal organisms – many of which are viable, and may become established and invasive in a new location. There is a lot of evidence showing several important alien invasive tree pathogens have been directly tied to the shipment of seed for commercial purposes. 

I include a recent paper that speaks about these cryptic risks associated with the global movement of commercial tree seed. 

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/5/459 

Kind regards,

Michelle Cleary

Dr. Michelle Cleary

Associate Professor, Forest Pathologist

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences/ Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet

Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre/Sydsvensk Skogsvetenskap

Box 49, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden

Visiting address : Sundsvägen 3, Alnarp

Telephone (office) : +46 (0)40 415181

Telephone (mobile) : +46 (0)76 7878771

Email :  <mailto:Michelle.Cleary at slu.se> Michelle.Cleary at slu.se 

Websites:

CV https://www.slu.se/en/cv/michelle-cleary2/ 

Dept : www.slu.se/framtidiskogen <http://www.slu.se/framtidiskogen>  

Forest Pathology Lab: http://forestpathologylab-slualnarp.se/  

Phytophthora Citizen Science: www.phytophthora.se <http://www.phytophthora.se/>  

“Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better”. Albert Einstein

  _____  

Hello Steve!

Alternanthera philoxeroides Mart. Griseb. (Alligatorweed) is one such example. This wetland macrophyte is presumed to be transported via ship ballast waters from its native regions of the Amazon basin area of Brazil, to different countries. Alligatorweed has now spread to diverse regions of the world and is considered as an alien invasive species in many countries, including USA, China, India, Australia and New Zealand, and parts of Europe.

Hope this information helps.

Best, 

Anindita. 

From: aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz <aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz> On Behalf Of Franck Courchamp
Sent: Friday, June 14, 2019 12:10 PM
To: aliens-l at list.auckland.ac.nz
Subject: Re: [Aliens-L] IAS and shipping

Hi Steve
If you are looking for example and not lists to make analyses, the Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) invasion in Europe is also a very nice example, since, if I recall well, the exact ship, port of origin and even pottery maker in China that carried the single (fertilized) queen were identified
Franck

Dear All,

There may be some useful bit in the attached paper on Hylesia.  Shipping is only mentioned marginally, but similar mechanisms to oil platforms apply, especially if mercury vapour lamps are used. ALso the different behaviour of male and females is worth bearing in mind.

Best wishes,

Ulrike

From: aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz <aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz> On Behalf Of Judith Weis
Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2019 2:44 AM
To: aliens-l at list.auckland.ac.nz
Subject: Re: [Aliens-L] IAS and shipping

Ballast water is considered the major vector for transport of aquatic species.

Le 14/06/2019 à 01:26, Steve Cranwell a écrit :

Many thanks everyone, for the examples and apologies for my ambiguous request I now realise I missed a key word, but it’s the introduction of terrestrial invasive species by commercial shipping I’m after.

I have the Asian Gypsy Moth and Mosquito examples (as introductions to NZ) and Red Imported Fire Ant into Australia. If there are examples where the ‘ship superstructure’ is the transport mechanism (for terrestrial species) that’d be brilliant, but examples of the cargo or crew etc resulting in introductions are helpful as I’ve only found documentation linking shipping, costs and impacts for the three species listed (even though anecdotes suggest a myriad of others).

Thanks again

Steve

From: aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz <mailto:aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz>   <mailto:aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz> <aliens-l-request at list.auckland.ac.nz> On Behalf Of phytodoer at aol.com <mailto:phytodoer at aol.com> 
Sent: 14 June 2019 00:44
To: aliens-l at list.auckland.ac.nz <mailto:aliens-l at list.auckland.ac.nz> 
Subject: Re: [Aliens-L] IAS and shipping

Steve,

it is unclear what type of "shipping" you are asking about. Are you concerned with ships - e.g., organisms in the ballast water, organisms that cling to the hulls, even organisms that cling to the superstructure above the waterline? In the last case, I can name Asian gypsy moths.

Or are you asking about shipping of goods more broadly - so including shipping containers, cargo, even crews an passengers? In this case, there are many examples of insects, snails, other invertebrates, even vertebrates that have been found in or on shipping containers or crates and pallets (that is, "wood packaging material"). To say nothing of all the organisms that can contaminate the cargo or be carried by crew, passengers, their food, their garbage, their luggage ...

Faith T. Campbell

In a message dated 6/13/2019 1:45:39 AM Eastern Standard Time, steve.cranwell at birdlife.org <mailto:steve.cranwell at birdlife.org>  writes: 

Hello,

I’m interested in examples of invasive species introduced by commercial shipping (international primarily, but national is also useful). If anyone has case studies they can share including the cost of a response and or impacts, I’d be grateful

Thanks in advance,

Steve

Steve Cranwell
Programme Manager Invasive Alien Species

BirdLife International Pacific Secretariat

          10 McGregor Road GPO Box 18332 | Suva | Fiji Islands

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